AP European History Exam Review With Complete Solution Rated A

AP European History Exam Review *Jacob Burkhardt* - a Swiss writer that wrote Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy in 1860. He was the first to coin the Renaissance as a period of rebirth. Hanseatic League - a commercial and defensive league of many merchant guilds and their market towns that were made up of many German States against trade that prevented a lot of commerce for a time The Medici - a banking family of Florence that controlled much power in the city state; they helped patron much of the arts and made Florence the center of the Renaissance Baldassare Castilglione - wrote Book of The Courtier; a standard for the Renaissance man that aimed to make a man achieve a well-rounded life through the arts. It also gave some advice on women, asking them to be chaste. Florence - the center of the Renaissance. It was a cultural breeding ground and patroned many people of the arts. It was also a flourishing city in trade. Venice - a city that was centered around trade and dominated in power Papal States - the religious states that helped patron the arts. It was centered around the Pope's power Naples - a kingdom that did not have much power; they were not a real patron of the Renaissance Isabella d'Este - was one of the leading women in the Renaissance as a political and cultural figure that was a patron of the arts; regent of Mantua and prolific writer. She patroned the arts. Niccolo Maciavelli - wrote The Prince that described that the acquisition and expansion of political power as the means to restore and mantain order. It was secular and said the ends justified the means. Cesare Borgia - son of Pope Alexander VI that used ruthless measures to achieve his goal of carving a new state in Italy. He abandoned morality for political activity. Humanism - an intellectual movement based on the study of the classical literary works of Greee and Rome. They studied the liberal arts and antiquity. They were largely secular.