Praxis 5081 Form 1 final( questions & answers 100% correct)

Praxis 5081 Form 1 final( questions & answers 100% correct)Which of the following best describes the Eastern Woodland peoples, such as the Iroquois and Algonquin, before European colonization? Hunter-gatherers who had no knowledge of settled agriculture Pastoralists who herded large numbers of domesticated animals Maritime people who primarily relied on fishing Agriculturalists who supplemented their diet with hunting and gathering Agriculturalists who supplemented their diet with hunting and gathering Which of the following was the primary source of agricultural labor in the British colonies in North America during the early years of colonization until the 1660s? Slaves imported from Africa Indentured servants from Great Britain Irish immigrants fleeing the potato famine Indians who were enslaved by the colonists 00:36 01:27 During Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, those who protested against the leadership of the colony were chiefly grandees (elite planters) who wanted to shift the tax burden to poorer farmers slaveholders who sought harsh penalties for fugitive slaves Native Americans who revolted against being displaced from their lands small farmers who wanted to settle on Native American lands Which of the following caused Spanish, British, and French forces to fight wars in North America prior to the American Revolution? Select all that apply Disputes about controlling territory in the colonies Religious and cultural differences among colonists of different nationalities Competition for mineral resources, particularly gold and silver International tensions caused by competing alliances among the three nations ** What did the colonists accuse King George III and the British Parliament in the Declaration of Independence? Violating the law of eminent domain by seizing private property for use by the government Embezzling tax money for the personal use of the Crown Frustrating the working of representative government and the law in the colonies Waging an illegal war against the French in Canada and mistreating Native Americans Which of the following distinguishes the colonization of New France in the eighteenth century from that of New England? French colonists were more likely to create permanent settlements and to engage in warfare with Native American tribes. French colonists were more likely to pursue trade in furs with Native Americans and to intermarry with them. French colonists held the territories they inhabited more securely over time and built more long-lasting settlements. French colonists provided greater flows of raw materials and profit to the royal French government than did New England to the British royal government. Which of the following was an immediate cause of the sale of the Louisiana Territory to the United States in 1803? The French feared that the United States would ally with the Spanish to invade the territory. The British threatened to invade France if they did not reduce the size of their empire. The French could no longer afford the territory after the loss of its sugar colonies in the Caribbean. The Spanish preferred the United States as an immediate neighbor in North America to the French. Tenement housing in the United States was a response to which of the following developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? The rapid growth of suburbs Industrialization and urbanization Legislation limiting immigration Declining urban populations Between circa 1820 and 1840, the growing economy of the United States relied primarily on which of the following for transportation of goods between regions The extensive system of roads that had been installed by the British before the American Revolution A new system of roads and railroads built by the federal government of the United States Privately built roads and railroads as well as water transport, including canals The postal service that had been established under the Articles of Confederation Which of the following issues caused both the Whig and Democratic Parties to split internally in the 1850s along sectional lines? The legalization of labor unions The extension of slavery to newly acquired territories The cost of acquiring the Louisiana Territory The incorporation of Canadian provinces into the federal system of the United States Which of the following strategies did the Union attempt as it sought to defeat the South during the American Civil War? Select all that apply. Blockading all major Southern ports to disrupt commerce, especially in cotton, the proceeds of which could be used to fund the purchase of military supplies Capturing and controlling the Mississippi River in an effort to cut the South in half and damage Southern efforts to keep troops resupplied Campaigning to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond and destroy the secessionist government of the South Plotting to assassinate Confederate President Jefferson Davis and Vice President Alexander H. Stephens, leading to chaos in the Confederate government Former slaves who could not afford to buy land during Reconstruction often turned to which of the following? Factory work Sharecropping Railroad building Clerical work Which of the following initiatives was a Progressive Era response to the threat of environmental degradation? The establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency The creation of the national park system The development of air quality legislation The banning of synthetic pesticides In the late nineteenth century, economic development in the southern United States was largely characterized by a continued reliance on agriculture and related enterprises the rise of service-sector fields such as tourism and retail sales a focus on finance and international trade rapid industrialization, with former slaves as the primary workforce Which of the following supported the unequal treatment of African Americans in the United States throughout the late nineteenth century and the twentieth century? Jim Crow laws Radical Reconstruction Black Codes Republicanism Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were all advocates for the claim that women should be encouraged to consume alcohol in public women should be granted the same voting rights as men women should be allowed to enlist in the armed services women should receive equal pay for the same work done by men Which of the following most directly allowed early factories in the United States to appear outside the mill towns of New England? Interchangeable parts Steam power Limited liability Slave labor The main goal of the Civilian Conservation Corps was to provide public work relief to young men during the Great Depression economic recovery assistance for farmers affected by the Dust Bowl financial assistance to United States citizens above the age of 65 opportunities for civilians on the home front to help the European war effort Immigrants who settled in large cities in the United States between 1890 and 1914 primarily came from which of the following regions? Southern and eastern Europe Central and South America Northern and western Europe South and East Asia Which of the following describes an effect of the First World War on civil liberties in the United States before 1920? Women were granted the right to vote and the opportunity to serve in military combat roles. Prohibition was abolished as returning troops demanded the right to buy alcohol. Immigration laws were changed to allow admission of large numbers of refugees from war-torn Europe. Laws on espionage and sedition were expanded to target anti-American language and behavior. The enactment of the New Deal programs in the 1930s could best be characterized as reflecting a popular belief that free-market policies were sufficient to restore economic prosperity in the United States the Interstate Commerce Act was ineffective and should be repealed the federal government should provide assistance to people in times of economic distress Keynesian economic principles were immediately effective in times of economic depression The post-Second World War United States foreign policy that called for supporting European countries against communist invasions or communist revolutions was the Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Roosevelt Corollary Monroe Doctrine The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 and the invasion of Panama in 1989 are examples of attempts by the United States to eliminate unfriendly governments in the Western Hemisphere cultivate peaceful relations with Latin American nations combat the production and distribution of illegal narcotics force countries to enter the North American Free Trade Agreement "You may well ask: 'Why direct action? Why sit ins, marches and so forth? Isn't negotiation a better path?' You are quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored." Martin Luther King, Jr., "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" (1963) Of the following, which is a strategy reflected in the passage above that the Civil Rights movement used to obtain racial equality? Repudiation of the passage of civil rights legislation in the 1950s Violent confrontation to destroy patterns of segregation in the South Peaceful civil disobedience to obtain social change Alliance with foreign critics of the United States' record of racial discrimination The elections of Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, and Jimmy Carter as president in the 1960s and 1970s provide evidence for the growing electoral power of Sun Belt states the domination of American politics by the Democratic Party the preference of voters for lower taxes and smaller government the unwillingness of voters to elect former members of Congress to the presidency In the decade after the end of the Cold War, United States foreign policy was most strongly characterized by which of the following? A general retreat from world affairs and a renewed concern for the Western Hemisphere A focus on expanding economic prosperity through globalization and free trade An effort to prevent the reemergence of fascism by postponing the reunification of Germany The modernization of the country's nuclear weapons stockpiles to deter foreign terrorist organizations Which of the following most likely led to the shift in human societies from hunting and gathering to agriculture beginning circa 8,000 B.C.E. ? Development of metallurgy Larger-capacity braincases Climate change Spread of language Which of the following regions was the first to develop settled agriculture? Middle East North America West Africa Western Europe Which of the following was a direct result of the Neolithic Revolution? The establishment of long-distance trade networks The growth of agricultural communities The use of cave paintings The development of metal tools and weapons Which of the following was most significant in allowing river valley civilizations to flourish? Agricultural production from relatively enriched soils Religious traditions that provided regional stability Protection from warring groups provided by hills and mountains Use of waterways for long-distance trade with other civilizations Which of the following significantly contributed to the decline of both the Western Roman Empire and the Han dynasty? Climate change The spread of epidemic disease The collapse of major trade networks Nomadic invasions and internal unrest Which of the following best characterizes the political structures of the Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens in the classical period (circa 510 B.C.E. to 323 B.C.E.) ? Sparta granted citizenship to women, banished slavery, and developed an early form of democracy; Athens granted women citizenship but kept the majority of its population as slaves and lacked institutions for citizen participation in government. Sparta was a military encampment that required citizens to serve as soldiers most of their lives; Athens was a limited democracy in which citizens participated in government, including the military, but performed other work too. Both Sparta and Athens were peaceful democracies that had wide participation in the polis (city-state) by all men who were property owners. Both Sparta and Athens were military dictatorships that lacked political structures through which citizens could participate in running the state or making decisions about waging war. Which of the following resulted from the Bantu migrations in sub-Saharan Africa from circa 500 B.C.E. to 1000 C.E.? The northward spread of Indo-European languages and culture The northward spread of gold mining to Nubia and North Africa The southward spread of agricultural cultivation and the domestication of animals The southward spread of nomadic settlement patterns and hunting and gathering Confucianism developed as a system of thought in China primarily in response to social and economic dislocation brought about by rapid urbanization and industrialization the introduction of European ideas and Christian missionary activity that challenged Chinese traditions the instability and political crises brought about by frequent regional conflict during the Warring States period cultural shock caused by military reversals in the wake of nomadic invasions by the Xiongnu Which of the following led to Islam becoming the dominant religion in Indonesia from circa 1600 C.E. to the present? Indonesia's importance as a key province of the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates The conquest of Indonesia by Shiite Muslims from Sri Lanka in the sixteenth century Indonesians' trade with Arab and Persian merchants across the Indian Ocean Indonesia's importance as a colony in India's trade empire in the fourteenth century Which of the following was an effect of the Mongol conquests under Genghis Khan and his successors during the thirteenth century? The Pope's renunciation of crusades against Muslims The rapid growth of literacy throughout Eurasia The suppression of Hinduism on the Indian subcontinent The revival of trade along the Silk Road Which of the following best describes the political organization of Maya civilization circa 300-700 C.E.? A large empire with a centralized bureaucracy A collection of independent city-states An early instance of democracy, with voting for property-holding men A feudal state dominated by local warlords Which of the following contributed to the spread of Islam into East Africa before 1450 C.E.? East African scholars studying in Saudi Arabia Military invasions by Islamic caliphates Missionaries sent into sub-Saharan Africa from Egypt Cultural diffusion along Indian Ocean trade routes Which of the following statements best describes the environmental consequences of the Columbian Exchange? A wave of epidemic diseases from the Americas sharply diminished European and Asian populations. Domesticated animals from the Americas became key to Europe's meat supply. Native American populations were decimated by diseases spread through contact with Europeans. Tobacco was transplanted to large central African plantations. Which of the following is a similarity between Christianity in western Europe and Islam in the Middle East before 1000 C.E.? Both were strongly influenced by Judaism. Both spread primarily by missionaries along trade routes. Both encouraged the spread of literacy. Both were led by one individual with supreme religious authority. "Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with." Question: The thought of which of the following Renaissance thinkers is expressed by the passage above? Francesco Petrarch Niccolò Machiavelli Dante Alighieri Leonardo da Vinci Which of the following did Louis XIV of France and Peter the Great of Russia have in common as monarchs? Both rulers attempted to isolate their countries and resist outside influence. Both rulers distrusted the people of the noble class and forced them to live in close proximity to their royal courts. Both rulers held a great interest in maritime technology and visited Dutch and English shipyards to learn their secrets. Both rulers were enlightened despots who attempted to rule through the loyalty of their subjects. Which of the following best describes a major effect of plantation agriculture in the Americas during the period 1500 to 1700? Asian indentured servants immigrated to the Caribbean. European convict laborers were sent to work in North America. Africans involuntarily migrated to South America. Indigenous peoples in North America were often enslaved. Which of the following was an important effect of the Protestant Reformation in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Decreased power of the Catholic Church in Spain and Portugal Increased literacy in predominately Protestant states Improved relations between the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches Decreased military threat from the Ottoman Empire in Central Europe Which of the following were important causes of the Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of ? Select all that apply. The intervention of the United States on the part of its ally, Japan