Praxis 5081 Practice Test, ETS Form 1, 2 and 3 correctly answered

Praxis 5081 Practice Test, ETS Form 1, 2 and 3 correctly answeredWhich of the following best describes the Eastern Woodland peoples, such as the Iroquois and Algonquin, before European colonization? A.Hunter-gatherers who had no knowledge of settled agriculture B.Pastoralists who herded large numbers of domesticated animals C.Maritime people who primarily relied on fishing D.Agriculturalists who supplemented their diet with hunting and gathering D. Agriculturalists who supplemented their diet with hunting and gathering Which of the following was the primary source of agricultural labor in the British colonies in North America during the early years of colonization until the 1660s? A.Slaves imported from Africa B.Indentured servants from Great Britain C.Irish immigrants fleeing the potato famine D.Indians who were enslaved by the colonists B. Indentured servants from Great Britain 00:45 01:27 During Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, those who protested against the leadership of the colony were chiefly A.grandees (elite planters) who wanted to shift the tax burden to poorer farmers B.slaveholders who sought harsh penalties for fugitive slaves C.Native Americans who revolted against being displaced from their lands D.small farmers who wanted to settle on Native American lands D. small farmers who wanted to settle on Native American lands Which of the following caused Spanish, British, and French forces to fight wars in North America prior to the American Revolution? Check all that apply. A.Disputes about controlling territory in the colonies B.Religious and cultural differences among colonists of different nationalities C.Competition for mineral resources, particularly gold and silver D.International tensions caused by competing alliances among the three nations A.) Disputes about controlling territory in the colonies B.) Religious and cultural differences among colonists of different nationalities D.) International tensions caused by competing alliances among the three nations Which of the following accusations did colonists make against King George III and the British Parliament in the Declaration of Independence? A.Violating the law of eminent domain by seizing private property for use by the government B.Embezzling tax money for the personal use of the Crown C.Frustrating the working of representative government and the law in the colonies D.Waging an illegal war against the French in Canada and mistreating Native Americans C. Frustrating the working of representative government and the law in the colonies Which of the following distinguishes the colonization of New France in the eighteenth century from that of New England? A.French colonists were more likely to create permanent settlements and to engage in warfare with Native American tribes. B.French colonists were more likely to pursue trade in furs with Native Americans and to intermarry with them. C.French colonists held the territories they inhabited more securely over time and built more long-lasting settlements. D.French colonists provided greater flows of raw materials and profit to the royal French government than did New England to the British royal government. B. French colonists were more likely to pursue trade in furs with Native Americans and to intermarry with them. Which of the following was an immediate cause of the sale of the Louisiana Territory to the United States in 1803? A.The French feared that the United States would ally with the Spanish to invade the territory. B.The British threatened to invade France if they did not reduce the size of their empire. C.The French could no longer afford the territory after the loss of its sugar colonies in the Caribbean. D.The Spanish preferred the United States as an immediate neighbor in North America to the French. C. The French could no longer afford the territory after the loss of its sugar colonies in the Caribbean. Tenement housing in the United States was a response to which of the following developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A.The rapid growth of suburbs B.Industrialization and urbanization C.Legislation limiting immigration D.Declining urban populations B. Industrialization and urbanization Between circa 1820 and 1840, the growing economy of the United States relied primarily on which of the following for transportation of goods between regions? A.The extensive system of roads that had been installed by the British before the American Revolution B.A new system of roads and railroads built by the federal government of the United States C.Privately built roads and railroads as well as water transport, including canals D.The postal service that had been established under the Articles of Confederation C. Privately built roads and railroads as well as water transport, including canals Which of the following issues caused both the Whig and Democratic Parties to split internally in the 1850s along sectional lines? A.The legalization of labor unions B.The extension of slavery to newly acquired territories C.The cost of acquiring the Louisiana Territory D.The incorporation of Canadian provinces into the federal system of the United States B. The extension of slavery to newly acquired territories Which of the following strategies did the Union attempt as it sought to defeat the South during the American Civil War? Check all that apply. A.Blockading all major Southern ports to disrupt commerce, especially in cotton, the proceeds of which could be used to fund the purchase of military supplies B.Capturing and controlling the Mississippi River in an effort to cut the South in half and damage Southern efforts to keep troops resupplied C.Campaigning to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond and destroy the secessionist government of the South D.Plotting to assassinate Confederate President Jefferson Davis and Vice President Alexander H. Stephens, leading to chaos in the Confederate government A.) Blockading all major Southern ports to disrupt commerce, especially in cotton, the proceeds of which could be used to fund the purchase of military supplies B.) Capturing and controlling the Mississippi River in an effort to cut the South in half and damage Southern efforts to keep troops resupplied C.) Campaigning to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond and destroy the secessionist government of the South Former slaves who could not afford to buy land during Reconstruction often turned to which of the following? A.Factory work B.Sharecropping C.Railroad building D.Clerical work B. Sharecropping 00:03 01:27 Which of the following initiatives was a Progressive Era response to the threat of environmental degradation? A.The establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency B.The creation of the national park system C.The development of air quality legislation D.The banning of synthetic pesticides B. The creation of the national park system In the late nineteenth century, economic development in the southern United States was largely characterized by A.a continued reliance on agriculture and related enterprises B.the rise of service-sector fields such as tourism and retail sales C.a focus on finance and international trade D.rapid industrialization, with former slaves as the primary workforce A. a continued reliance on agriculture and related enterprises Which of the following supported the unequal treatment of African Americans in the United States throughout the late nineteenth century and the twentieth century? A.Jim Crow laws B.Radical Reconstruction C.Black Codes D.Republicanism A. Jim Crow laws Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were all advocates for the claim that A.women should be encouraged to consume alcohol in public B.women should be granted the same voting rights as men C.women should be allowed to enlist in the armed services D.women should receive equal pay for the same work done by men B. women should be granted the same voting rights as men Which of the following most directly allowed early factories in the United States to appear outside the mill towns of New England? A.Interchangeable parts B.Steam power C.Limited liability D.Slave labor B. Steam power The main goal of the Civilian Conservation Corps was to provide A.public work relief to young men during the Great Depression B.economic recovery assistance for farmers affected by the Dust Bowl C.financial assistance to United States citizens above the age of 65 D.opportunities for civilians on the home front to help the European war effort A. public work relief to young men during the Great Depression Immigrants who settled in large cities in the United States between 1890 and 1914 primarily came from which of the following regions? A.Southern and eastern Europe B.Central and South America C.Northern and western Europe D.South and East Asia A. Southern and eastern Europe Which of the following describes an effect of the First World War on civil liberties in the United States before 1920? A.Women were granted the right to vote and the opportunity to serve in military combat roles. B.Prohibition was abolished as returning troops demanded the right to buy alcohol. C.Immigration laws were changed to allow admission of large numbers of refugees from war-torn Europe. D.Laws on espionage and sedition were expanded to target anti-American language and behavior. D. Laws on espionage and sedition were expanded to target anti-American language and behavior The enactment of the New Deal programs in the 1930s could best be characterized as reflecting a popular belief that A.free-market policies were sufficient to restore economic prosperity in the United States B.the Interstate Commerce Act was ineffective and should be repealed C.the federal government should provide assistance to people in times of economic distress D.Keynesian economic principles were immediately effective in times of economic depression C. the federal government should provide assistance to people in times of economic distress The post-Second World War United States foreign policy that called for supporting European countries against communist invasions or communist revolutions was the A.Truman Doctrine B.Marshall Plan C.Roosevelt Corollary D.Monroe Doctrine A. Truman Doctrine The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 and the invasion of Panama in 1989 are examples of attempts by the United States to A.eliminate unfriendly governments in the Western Hemisphere B.cultivate peaceful relations with Latin American nations C.combat the production and distribution of illegal narcotics D.force countries to enter the North American Free Trade Agreement A. eliminate unfriendly governments in the Western Hemisphere "You may well ask: 'Why direct action? Why sit ins, marches and so forth? Isn't negotiation a better path?' You are quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored." Martin Luther King, Jr., "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" (1963) Question: Of the following, which is a strategy reflected in the passage above that the Civil Rights movement used to obtain racial equality? A.Repudiation of the passage of civil rights legislation in the 1950s B.Violent confrontation to destroy patterns of segregation in the South C.Peaceful civil disobedience to obtain social change D.Alliance with foreign critics of the United States' record of racial discrimination C. Peaceful civil disobedience to obtain social change The elections of Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, and Jimmy Carter as president in the 1960s and 1970s provide evidence for A.the growing electoral power of Sun Belt states B.the domination of American politics by the Democratic Party C.the preference of voters for lower taxes and smaller government D.the unwillingness of voters to elect former members of Congress to the presidency A. the growing electoral power of Sun Belt states (States in the Southwest and Southeast) In the decade after the end of the Cold War, United States foreign policy was most strongly characterized by which of the following? A. A general retreat from world affairs and a renewed concern for the Western Hemisphere B. A focus on expanding economic prosperity through globalization and free trade C. An effort to prevent the reemergence of fascism by postponing the reunification of Germany D. The modernization of the country's nuclear weapons stockpiles to deter foreign terrorist organizations B. A focus on expanding economic prosperity through globalization and free trade Which of the following most likely led to the shift in human societies from hunting and gathering to agriculture beginning circa 8,000 B.C.E. ? A.Development of metallurgy B.Larger-capacity braincases C.Climate change D.Spread of language C. Climate Change Which of the following regions was the first to develop settled agriculture? A.Middle East B.North America C.West Africa D.Western Europe A. Middle East (i.e. Mesopotamia had the Tigris and Euphrates rivers) Which of the following was a direct result of the Neolithic Revolution? A.The establishment of long-distance trade networks B.The growth of agricultural communities C.The use of cave paintings D.The development of metal tools and weapons B. The growth of agricultural communities Which of the following was most significant in allowing river valley civilizations to flourish? A.Agricultural production from relatively enriched soils B.Religious traditions that provided regional stability C.Protection from warring groups provided by hills and mountains D.Use of waterways for long-distance trade with other civilizations A. Agricultural production from relatively enriched soils Which of the following significantly contributed to the decline of both the Western Roman Empire and the Han dynasty? A.Climate change B.The spread of epidemic disease C.The collapse of major trade networks D.Nomadic invasions and internal unrest D. Nomadic invasions and internal unrest Which of the following best characterizes the political structures of the Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens in the classical period (circa 510 B.C.E. to 323 B.C.E.) ? A.Sparta granted citizenship to women, banished slavery, and developed an early form of democracy; Athens granted women citizenship but kept the majority of its population as slaves and lacked institutions for citizen participation in government. B.Sparta was a military encampment that required citizens to serve as soldiers most of their lives; Athens was a limited democracy in which citizens participated in government, including the military, but performed other work too. C.Both Sparta and Athens were peaceful democracies that had wide participation in the polis (city-state) by all men who were property owners. D.Both Sparta and Athens were military dictatorships that lacked political structures through which citizens could participate in running the state or making decisions about waging war. B. Sparta was a military encampment that required citizens to serve as soldiers most of their lives; Athens was a limited democracy in which citizens participated in government, including the military, but performed other work too. Which of the following resulted from the Bantu migrations in sub-Saharan Africa from circa 500 B.C.E. to 1000 C.E.? A.The northward spread of Indo-European languages and culture B.The northward spread of gold mining to Nubia and North Africa C.The southward spread of agricultural cultivation and the domestication of animals D.The southward spread of nomadic settlement patterns and hunting and gathering C. The southward spread of agricultural cultivation and the domestication of animals (When you see Bantu just think south of Africa for agriculture) Confucianism developed as a system of thought in China primarily in response to A.social and economic dislocation brought about by rapid urbanization and industrialization B.the introduction of European ideas and Christian missionary activity that challenged Chinese traditions C.the instability and political crises brought about by frequent regional conflict during the Warring States period D.the cultural shock caused by military reversals in the wake of nomadic invasions by the Xiongnu C. the instability and political crises brought about by frequent regional conflict during the Warring States period Which of the following led to Islam becoming the dominant religion in Indonesia from circa 1600 C.E. to the present? A.Indonesia's importance as a key province of the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates B.The conquest of Indonesia by Shiite Muslims from Sri Lanka in the sixteenth century C.Indonesians' trade with Arab and Persian merchants across the Indian Ocean D.Indonesia's importance as a colony in India's trade empire in the fourteenth century C. Indonesians' trade with Arab and Persian merchants across the Indian Ocean Which of the following was an effect of the Mongol conquests under Genghis Khan and his successors during the thirteenth century? A.The Pope's renunciation of crusades against Muslims B.The rapid growth of literacy throughout Eurasia C.The suppression of Hinduism on the Indian subcontinent D.The revival of trade along the Silk Road D. The revival of trade along the Silk Road Which of the following best describes the political organization of Maya civilization circa 300-700 C.E.? A.A large empire with a centralized bureaucracy B.A collection of independent city-states C.An early instance of democracy, with voting for property-holding men D.A feudal state dominated by local warlords B. A collection of independent city-states Which of the following contributed to the spread of Islam into East Africa before 1450 C.E.? A.East African scholars studying in Saudi Arabia B.Military invasions by Islamic caliphates C.Missionaries sent into sub-Saharan Africa from Egypt D.Cultural diffusion along Indian Ocean trade routes D. Cultural diffusion along Indian Ocean trade routes Which of the following statements best describes the environmental consequences of the Columbian Exchange? A. A wave of epidemic diseases from the Americas sharply diminished European and Asian populations. B.Domesticated animals from the Americas became key to Europe's meat supply. C.Native American populations were decimated by diseases spread through contact with Europeans. D.Tobacco was transplanted to large central African plantations. C. Native American populations were decimated by diseases spread through contact with Europeans Which of the following is a similarity between Christianity in western Europe and Islam in the Middle East before 1000 C.E.? A.Both were strongly influenced by Judaism. B.Both spread primarily by missionaries along trade routes. C.Both encouraged the spread of literacy. D.Both were led by one individual with supreme religious authority. A. Both were strongly influenced by Judaism "Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with." Question: The thought of which of the following Renaissance thinkers is expressed by the passage above? A.Francesco Petrarch B.Niccolò Machiavelli C.Dante Alighieri D.Leonardo da Vinci B.Niccolò Machiavelli (End justifies the means; Better to be feared than loved) Which of the following did Louis XIV of France and Peter the Great of Russia have in common as monarchs? A.Both rulers attempted to isolate their countries and resist outside influence. B.Both rulers distrusted the people of the noble class and forced them to live in close proximity to their royal courts. C.Both rulers held a great interest in maritime technology and visited Dutch and English shipyards to learn their secrets. D.Both rulers were enlightened despots who attempted to rule through the loyalty of their subjects. B .Both rulers distrusted the people of the noble class and forced them to live in close proximity to their royal courts. (King Louis XIV had the Palace of Versailles built for this reason) Which of the following best describes a major effect of plantation agriculture in the Americas during the period 1500 to 1700? A.Asian indentured servants immigrated to the Caribbean. B.European convict laborers were sent to work in North America. C.Africans involuntarily migrated to South America. D.Indigenous peoples in North America were often enslaved. C. Africans involuntarily migrated to South America Which of the following was an important effect of the Protestant Reformation in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? A.Decreased power of the Catholic Church in Spain and Portugal B.Increased literacy in predominately Protestant states C.Improved relations between the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches D.Decreased military threat from the Ottoman Empire in Central Europe B. Increased literacy in predominately Protestant states Which of the following were important causes of the Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of ? Select all that apply. A.The intervention of the United States on the part of its ally, Japan B.The inadequacy of the Trans-Siberian Railroad as a military supply line for Russia C.The continuing expansion of British control over the Japanese economy D.The more advanced industrialization of Japan compared to that of Russia B. The inadequacy of the Trans-Siberian Railroad as a military supply line for Russia D. The more advanced industrialization of Japan compared to that of Russia Which of the following statements regarding the circumstances of Canada, Australia, and South Africa within the British Empire during the nineteenth century is most true? A.All three regions endured protracted and bitter wars between settlers and native peoples. B.All three regions contained a large proportion of European settlers and had considerable autonomy. C.All three regions were wrested from other European states by Great Britain in colonial wars. D.All three regions served as centers of manufacturing and industrial production for British markets. B. All three regions contained a large proportion of European settlers and had considerable autonomy. Which of the following effects of the Industrial Revolution most likely influenced Karl Marx's development of the Communist Manifesto? A.Decreasing economic opportunities for agricultural workers B.The widening socioeconomic gap between factory owners and factory workers C.The increasing role of women in the workforce D.Growing levels of pollution in urban areas B. The widening socioeconomic gap between factory owners and factory workers Why did the European revolutions of 1848 fail in the years immediately following the uprisings? A.Military repression and the splitting of labor and the middle class by elites restored authoritarian regimes. B.Disagreement among the revolutionaries about the goals of socialism and nationalism split the revolutionaries into warring factions. C.European leaders acted quickly to preserve their power and pacify their people by implementing reforms such as universal suffrage. D.The movement toward national unification of city-states into nations was largely complete by 1849. A. Military repression and the splitting of labor and the middle class by elites restored authoritarian regimes. Which of the following countries has had a woman president or prime minister? Select all that apply. A.India B.Israel C.Mexico D.Great Britain A. India (Indira Ghandi) B. Israel (Golda Meir) D. Great Britain (Margaret Thatcher / Theresa May) The rapid economic growth of Japan in the 1970s and 1980s and, slightly later, of the group of countries that were known as the Asian Tigers (South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan) was largely a result of A.centrally planned economies on the model of the People's Republic of China and North Korea B.government-backed industrialization, high tariffs on imported goods, and export of manufactured goods C.the provision of raw materials to the United States and Europe and the resulting importation of finished goods from them D.cultivation of direct foreign investment by the United States and encouragement of consumer spending over saving B. government-backed industrialization, high tariffs on imported goods, and export of manufactured goods