EMT Intermediate Final Exam ()

EMT Intermediate Final Exam (2022-2023) You respond to a nursing home's call regarding an older patient who fell. During your assessme nt, you note injuries that are not consistent with the mechanism described. You should: - answer transport the patient and report your suspicions When treating an anxious and uncooperative patient with chest pain, you state, "If you don't settle down, I am going to put a large IV in your arm." What is this an example of? - answer Assault You respond to a call for an 16-year-old boy who injured his arm. As you are assessing the child, he tells you that he does not want you to touch him. His mother tells you to begin treatment and transport the child to the hospital if necessary. What should you do? - answer Continue your assessment and transport if necessary The concept of standard precautions assumes that: - answer every patient is potentiall y infected or can spread an organism that could be transmitted in the health care setting After several years in EMS, you begin to experience chronic stress. An effective wa y to deal with this is to: - answer sustain friends or activities outside of EMS You respond to a call for an older woman who has fallen. Upon arrival at the scene, you ass ess the patient, who is responsive and alert to person, place, time, and event. She states that she does not want to go to the hospital; however, her son requests that you take her. What should you do? - answer Ensure the patient is fully aware of the consequences of refusing treatment A self-motivated AEMT should be able to: - answer discover problems and solve th em without someone else's direction Which of the following is NOT a typical warning sign of stress? - answer Increased appe tite Physical signs that indicate an emotionally disturbed patient may become violent incl ude all of the following, EXCEPT: - answer large physical stature Which of the following statements regarding HIV is correct? - answer HIV cannot enter the bloodstream through intact skin Which of the following foods provides the safest, most reliable source for long-term energy p roduction? - answer Pasta Under which of the following situations would the AEMT NOT have a legal duty to act? - a nswer You are off duty and encounter a man in cardiac arrest Continuous quality improvement (CQI) involves all of the following components, EXCEPT: - answ er negative feedback to those who make mistakes while on a call All of the following are roles and responsibilities of the AEMT, EXCEPT: - answer providing definitiv e care for the patient's condition You arrive at the scene of an overturned semi-trailer truck. There is an odd odor in the air an d you can see material leaking from the truck. After ensuring that fire department and law enforcement personnel a re notified, you should: - answer use binoculars to try to read the placard The function of the National Registry of EMTs is to: - answer assess competence through a v alid testing process You have just established an IV on a critically injured patient. As you prepare to dispose of the needle in the appropriate container, you get stuck with the needle. You should: - answer report the incident to your supervisor as soon as possible En route to the hospital, a diabetic patient regains partial consciousness. He tells you tha t he feels fine and that he does not want to go to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should: - a nswer assess whether the patient's mental condition is impaired For consent to be informed, the AEMT must: - answer explain the risks and benefits of treatm ent An AEMT administers 1,000 mL of IV fluid to a patient with severe pulmonary edema and a stable blood pressure. The patient then develops profound respiratory distress and becomes apneic. What is th is situation an example of? - answer Gross negligence While triaging patients at a multiple-casualty incident, you encounter a 40-year-old fe male with an obvious fracture of her right forearm and multiple abrasions to her face and arms. She is responsive and a lert and does not appear to have any airway or breathing problems. You note that she is wearing an organ donor bracelet. You should: - answer assign her an appropriate triage category and move to the nex t patient Which of the following defines your scope of practice within your local response area? - answer Local protocols and standing orders A direct relationship between a patient's injury and the AEMT's actions or inactions is called: - answer proximate cause Which of the following patients has the legal right to refuse treatment? - answer Responsive and alert 45-year-old male with chest pressure Molecules that bind to a cell's receptor and trigger a response by that cell are called: - answer agonists The olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I) is responsible for: - answer smell The semilunar valves of the heart function by: - answer preventing backflow of blood into the ventricles Which two pairs of cranial nerves do NOT exit from the brainstem? - answer Optic and olfa ctory The __________ nerve innervates the muscles that cause motion of the eyeballs and upper lid - answer oculomotor Which of the following is NOT a lymphatic organ? - answer Liver The primary waste product of metabolism is: - answer carbon dioxide To prevent the tissues from becoming edematous, the __________ system must absorb ex cess fluid and return it to the central venous circulation - answer lymphatic The myocardium is the only muscle that can generate its own electrical impulses . This process is called: - answer automaticity The chemical neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system is: - answer acety lcholine In the pregnant patient, the secretion of oxytocin causes: - answer uterine smooth muscl e contraction The aorta divides into the two common iliac arteries at the level of the: - answer fifth l umbar vertebra The most common solvent in the body, in which solutes or other substances will diss olve, is: - answer water How many milliliters per kilogram (mL/kg) of blood are contained within the average adult male's body? - answer 70 With regard to the heart, ejection fraction is defined as the: - answer percentage of blood ej ected from the heart Afterload is defined as the: - answer degree of pressure against which the left ve ntricle pumps What part of the brain regulates a person's level of consciousness? - answer Reticular ac tivating system The movement of a substance against a concentration or gradient, such as the cell membra ne, is called: - answer active transport Which layer of the heart would be penetrated during an emergent medical procedure in order to remov e fluid? - answer Pericardium What is the cardiac output of a person with a stroke volume of 60 mL and a heart rate of 90 beats /min? - answer 5.4 L The thick fibrous sac that surrounds the heart is called the: - answer pericardium During an allergic reaction, basophils release histamines and heparin. What respective rol es do these chemicals play? - answer Increase tissue inflammation and inhibit blood clotting The sebaceous glands of the skin secrete sebum, which: - answer keeps the skin soft and prevents cracking Stimulation of alpha receptors of the sympathetic nervous system result in: - answer peripheral vasoconstriction During an infection, white blood cells consume bacteria and foreign particles. This process is called: - answer phagocytosis The point where the first cervical vertebra (C1) articulates with the base of the skull is call ed the: - answer atlanto-occipital joint After the aorta arises from the left ventricle, it first: - answer ascends and branches into the coron ary arteries Nonfunctional erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen by cells called: - answer ma crophages A patient was struck in the right lower anterior chest with a baseball bat. In addition to fractured ribs, you should be suspicious of injury to the: - answer liver Which of the following is a function of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)? - answer Provid es motor innervation to the muscles of chewing The study of the body functions in a diseased state is called: - answer pathophysiolo gy If the concentration of H+ increases, the pH of the blood will: - answer decrease The layer of tissue that lines the inside of the chest cavity is called the: - answ er parietal pleura The primary respiratory stimulus in a healthy adult is a/an: - answer increased arterial c arbon dioxide level All of the following are voluntary muscles, EXCEPT: - answer smooth muscle Stimulation of beta receptors of the sympathetic nervous system results in: - answer inc reased myocardial contractility The jugular notch is located: - answer at the superior border of the sternum The second heart sound (S2) represents: - answer closure of the semilunar valves Chemicals that become ionic conductors when dissolved in water are called: - answ er electrolytes As an electrical impulse travels down the electrical conduction system, it transiently slows at the: - answer Av Node Phagocytosis is the process by which: - answer monocytes digest microbes If the body is sliced so that you have a left and right portion, a __________ plane i s formed. - answer sagittal Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that: - answer is moved into or out of the lun gs during a single breath The renin-angiotensin system in the kidneys helps to regulate: - answer blood pres sure A bruit differs from a murmur in that a bruit: - answer is auscultated over a main blood vessel If too much water enters a cell during osmosis, it will burst. This process is called: - answer lysis The atrioventricular (AV) valves of the heart include the: - answer tricuspid and mitral In most instances, a valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order must meet which of the following requ irements - answer It must clearly state the patient's medical condition An AEMT witnessed a call in which his partner gave adequate physical care; howe ver, he was deliberately rude because the patient was thought to be infected with HIV. The AEMT ignored his partner's treatme nt of this patient and took no steps to prevent this behavior from happening again. This lack o f action on the part of the AEMT is considered: - answer legal but unethical Which of the following scenarios involves an ALS skill? - answer Administering oxygen a nd infusing IV fluids You and your partner are the first to arrive at a potential crime scene involving a critically injured patient. The scene is safe. Your FIRST priority is to: - answer provide emergency care to the patient A male patient is reporting crushing chest pain. Prior to informing an invasive procedure on him, you must: - answer explain the risks and benefits of the procedure to the patient You are dispatched for a young male who, according to witnesses, is "not acting right." The patient is found sitting on the ground outside of a grocery store, rocking back and forth. He has blood on his arm from an apparent wound to his wrist. You should: - answer talk to him as you approach him, but be prepared for him to turn violent Which of the following information is NOT considered confidential? - answer time of dis patch You respond to the home of a 75-year-old man who is in cardiac arrest. The family states that the patient is terminally ill and has an advance directive; however, they are unable to locate it. How s hould you manage this situation? - answer Begin CPR and contact medical control Which of the following components is NOT required to establish negligence? - answer Abandon ment