Neuropsychology FINAL Exam (Lecture 19 - 25)-latest updates

Neuropsych FINAL Exam (Lecture 19 - 25) Class 19 Parietal lobe disorders Terms, concepts, processes 1. How are dizziness and vertigo different? o Vertigo is the circle feeling that the world is turning around you – this is something pretty nasty to be experiencing, while dizziness is something we all have previously experienced (e.g. when we haven’t eaten all day) --- usually associated with fainting which is preceded by light headedness o In both cases you can lose balance but vertigo makes it almost impossible to keep your balance (you cannot stay upright when experiencing vertigo or you will throw up  usually you have to lay down) 2. What are the symptoms of Meniere’s disease? What is thought to be the cause? How common is it? How is it treated? o Symptoms: vertigo attacks, hearing loss attacks, tinnitus (ringing or rushing in the ears), fullness feeling in ears  Attacks have a duration of 24 hrs. and are unpredictable (it makes you incredibly nauseous) o Cause: too much fluid in the ear (??)  they do not really know the cause  it is quite unclear as to what the trigger of this disease is o Prevalence: 15 in 100,000 (in the U.S. – which means it is common enough) o Treatment: During an attack, anti-emetics are used to stop you from vomiting and dramamine is used (??) to also treat or prevent nauseas and vomiting---- Diuretic are used for maintenance; these are meds to expel liquid throughout the body – they lower liquid pressure everywhere in the body  it means that you lose liquid from entire body but it will expel fluid in the inner ear ---- Histamine is used to stop the attacks, and this is a common treatment in Europe  Whatever treatment you get is what you are stick w getting for the rest of your life  the U.S. does not use Histamine 3. Why is there a division between somatosensory and posterior parietal disorders? o Somatosensory disorders focus on disorders that affect touch, while posterior parietal disorders focus on disorders that affect spatial recognition. o OR o The anterior zone of the parietal lobe is for somatosensitization (touch, proprioception, temperature) AND the posterior zone is for integration of input from vision and other senses, for the purpose of movement (orientation) 4. What are the symptoms in cases of focal lesions in postcentral gyrus? o High sensory thresholds o Impaired sense of position 5. How are sensory thresholds measured? o High sensory thresholds (how much pressure needs to be applied before someone recognizes touch) – see how sensitive people are to touch o Two-point sensitivity – if you touch a person in two points that are close together, the person will not feel the two points of contact 6. What are phantom limbs, and phantom limb pain? Is this physiological or pathological pain? o Sensation that the missing limb is still moving or (often) causing pain – in other words, it feels like the limb is stilt there but you know it is missing o Physiological (??) – is is thought to be caused by rewiring of the somatosensory cortex  they think the pain is coming from the cutting of the irritated nerves 7. What is a mirror box in the context of phantom limbs, and what is it used for? o The mirror box is used to trick hand or brain into relaxing the hand that is missing  it is an illusion used to fight an illusion that you are relaxing your hand o Insert both real and phantom limb hand and the illusion that is provided by the box brings immediate relief for patients 8. What is astereognosis (also astereognosia) and how is it assessed? o It is the ability to recognize objects by touch – YOU cannot put the object together thru touch o Digging around the bottom of your backpack looking for your clicker and if you have this disorder then you will not be able to find it by using touch (people w/o this disorder are looking to feel for the right shaped object) 9. What are asomatognosias? What are autopagnosia and how is finger agnosia related to autopagnosia? What is anosognosia? o Asomatognosias: loss of knowledge or sense of own body or bodily condition // inability to know your own body  Autopagnosia: inability to localize and name body parts  You don’t feel your body parts – someone touches your leg, but you don’t know what they are touching although you might feel them touching you  Common version: Finger agnosia o Touch someone on their finger and they cant really tell which finger is being touched  Anosognosia: unawareness or denial of illness  It is not conscious // they actually believe that there is nothing wrong with them  Person who is disabled, tell them to move their leg and they would say “I don’t feel like it right now” but they really believe that they can move it – even though they cannot 10. What type of agnosia did Ian Waterman have (general term). What was unusual about his case? What factor about Ian Waterman's recovery did your instructor emphasize? o Asomatognosias o Ian Waterman experienced destruction of all fibers coming from his proprioceptive receptors from the neck down – he was not paralyzed BUT w/o proprioception he cannot tell what his limbs can do // NOW every single action has to be plotted (so he did not lose motor functions) bc it is no longer automatic which means it requires a huge mental effort o ??? 11. What is CIPA? Why is this often fatal at early ages? o Congenital Insensitivity to Pain (w anhidrosis  can’t sweat) – w this people cannot feel pain and temperature o This is fatal at ea