Lab Practical’s: Cell-Anatomy and Division answered!2022

Lab Practical’s: Cell-Anatomy and Division answered!2022organelle "small organs"; are the metabolic machinery of the cell, and that are highly organized to carry out specific functions cell the structural and functional unit of all living things, is a complete entity plasma membrane external boundary of cell; regulates flow of materials into and out of the cell; site of cell signaling lysosome contains digestive enzymes of many varieties; "suicide sac" of the cell mitochondria scattered throughout the cell; major site of ATP synthesis microvilli slender extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area inclusions stored glycogen granules, crystals, gipments, and so on golgi apparatus membranous system consisting of flattened sacs and vesicles; packages protein for export nucleus control center of the cell; necessary for cell division and cell life centrioles two rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus; direct formation of the mitotic spindle nucleoles dense, darkly staining nuclear body; packaging site for ribosomes microfilaments contractile elements of the cytoskeleton rough ER or endoplasmic reticulum membrane systems or scattered in the cytoplasm; synthesize proteins chromatin threadlike structure in the nucleus; contain genetic material peroxisome site of free radical detoxification nuclear pores 1 nuclear envelope 2 nucleolus 16 rough endopoasmic 5 golgi apparatus 4 peroxisome 6 mitochondrian 7 microvilli 8 plasma membrane 3 microtubule 9 centrioles 10 lysosome 11 cytosol 12 smooth endoplasmic reticulum 14 chromatin 2 squamous epithelium structure: flat shaped funx: good for layering and overlapping sperm structure: flagella funx: allows the cell to be mobile smooth muscle structure: has a fusiform shape funx: allows the muscle to tense and relax red blood cell structure: biconcave shape funx: allows more surface area for efficient gas transfer significance of RBC anucleate the red blood cell does not have a nucleus. the lack of a nucleus enables rbc to have more room to contain hemoglobin which increases its efficiency to carrying oxygen. had a nucleus when they were formed in the bone-marrow, but was replaced with hemoglobin to carry more oxygen importance of miotic cell division the importance of mitotic cell division is to make a greater amount of cells for repair and growth while maintaining the same genetic make-up interphase interphase first step of event where the cell reproduces itself by dividing and DNA replicates early prophase chromosomes consisting of two chromatids early prophase second phase of cell division, the chromatin threads coil and shorten to form densely staining, short, barlike chromosomes. late prophase spindle microtubules is present late prophase third process in cell division, the centrioles separate from one another and direct the assembly of a system of micro-tubules called the mitotic spindle between them. metaphase metaphase the fourth step in the cell division process, the chromosomes line up along the central plane or equator of the spindle. anaphase anaphase the fifth step in the cell division process, the centromeres split, and the chromatin separate from one another and then move slowly toward opposite ends of the cell with their "arms" dangling behind them. this process is complete when poleward movement ceases. telophase telophase fifth sixth step of cell division, events of prophase are reversed. chromosome uncoils and resume the chromatin form, the spindle breaks down and disappears, a nuclear membrane forms around each chromatin mass, and nucleoli appear in the daughter nuclei. cytokinesis final stage of cell division, typically begins in late anaphase and continues through telophase and provides a good clue for where to look for the mitotic structures visible in telophase. Once formed, the daughter cells grow and carry out the normal spectrum of metabolic processes until it is their turn to divide. flagella structure of a sperm allows the cell to be mobile function of a sperm flat shaped structure of a squamous epithelium good for layering and overlapping function of a squamous epithelium fusiform shape structure of a smooth muscle allows the muscle to tense and relax function of a smooth muscle biconcave shape structure of a red blood cell allows more surface area for efficient gas transfer function of red blood cell