Nursing 113 Exam 2 Study Guide (Answered) Verified Solution

Exam 2 Nursing 113 FVE (Fluid Volume Excess) HYPERVOLEMIA Fluid intake or retention exceeds the body's fluid needs Also called overhydration, fluid overload, circulatory overload. Involves retention of both water and electrolytes (especially sodium). There is usually an increase in the serum sodium which causes water retention. FVE Causes Overhydration with IV fluids Kidney damage Heart failure Long-term use of corticosteroids Excessive sodium ingestion Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone Irrigation of wounds or body cavities with hypotonic fluids Cirrhosis of the liver Cushing's syndrome FVE signs and symptoms cough and dyspnea lung crackles increased respirations and heart rate increased blood pressure and bounding pulse pitting edema weight gain, increased abdominal girth neck and hand vein distention increased urine output if kidneys can compensate; decreased if kidney damage is the cause confusion decreased hematocrit level FVE management/treatment limnit fluid intake, using clinical situation as guide diuretics to promote fluid and sodium loss restrict sodium intake to reduce thirst FVD (Fluid Volume Deficit) HYPOVOLEMIA Dehydration occurs when the body fluid intake is not sufficient to meet the body's fluid needs. Reduction of circulating blood volume. Not the same as dehydration. The body will attempt to conserve water and sodium to increase the circulating blood volume, but the low volume that exists will result in the common symptoms of FVD. FVD causes vomiting and/or diarrhea blood loss reduced fluid intake continuous GI irrigation GI suctioning Ileostomy or colostomy drainage