PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ( 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK)

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx? a. Nasal turbinates c. Cilia b. Alveolar macrophages d. Irritant receptors on the nares ANS: C The submucosal glands of the bronchial lining produce mucus, contributing to the mucous blanket that covers the bronchial epithelium. The ciliated epithelial cells rhythmically beat this mucous blanket toward the trachea and pharynx, where it can be swallowed or expectorated by coughing. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the pulmonary defense mechanism described. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1229 2. Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs? a. Perfusion c. Respiration b. Ventilation d. Diffusion ANS: B Of the options available, ventilation is the only term used to identify the mechanical movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1232 3. When an individual aspirates food particles, where would the nurse expect to hear decreased or absent breath sounds? a. Left lung c. Trachea b. Right lung d. Carina ANS: B The right mainstem bronchus extends from the trachea more vertically than the left main bronchus; therefore aspirated fluids or foreign particles tend to enter the right lung rather than the left or any of the other locations listed. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1228 4. Aspiration is most likely to occur in the right mainstem bronchus because it: a. Extends vertically from the trachea. b. Is narrower than the left mainstem bronchus. c. Comes into contact with food and drink first. d. Is located at the site where the bronchi bifurcate. ANS: A The right mainstem bronchus extends from the trachea more vertically than the left mainstem bronchus; therefore aspirated fluids or foreign particles tend to enter the right lung rather than the left. The size of both mainstems is equal. The trachea comes into contact with food and drink first, and the carina is the site where the bronchi bifurcate.