HESI A2 - Anatomy & Physiology (Practice Test) Questions and Answers 2022

What mineral is responsible for muscle contractions? - ANSWER-Calcium In which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found? - ANSWER-Pelvic cavity What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? - ANSWER-Diaphragm Which of the followingepithelial types is correctly matchedwith its major function? - ANSWER-Simple columnar epithelium - secretion or absorption A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on internal surface of stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this? - ANSWER-Epithelial Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following? - ANSWER-Neuroglia Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs? - ANSWER-Connective What is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs? - ANSWERCell Which type of cell division takes place in the gonads? - ANSWER-Meiosis In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum? - ANSWER-Heel of the foot What are the glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion? - ANSWER-Eccrine glands Skin aids in maintaining the calcium and phosphate levels of the body by participating in the production of which of the following? - ANSWER-Vitamin D Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select all that apply) - ANSWER-Support the body Hemopoiesis (process by which new blood cells are formed; bone marrow) Provide protection The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the middle region of the humerus. What is he describing? - ANSWER-Diaphysis You have been given a sample of tissue that has open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needlelike structures. What is the tissue? - ANSWER-Spongy bone Which of the following bones is the only moveable bone of the skull? - ANSWERMandible Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid in the body? - ANSWER-Sodium Why are skeletal muscles also called voluntary muscles? - ANSWER-They are under conscious control All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following? - ANSWER-Neurons Motor or ______ neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS. - ANSWEREfferent Jeff has contracted bulbar poliomyelitis, and it has affected the medulla oblongata. The doctors warned the family that his condition is grave and death may be imminent. What functions of the medulla oblongata have warrated such a dire prognosis? - ANSWERThe medulla oblongata contains vital centers that control heart action, blood vessel diameter, and respiration What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called? - ANSWER-Hormones Which of the following are tropic hormones? (Select all that apply) - ANSWERSomatotropin Follicle-stimulating hormone Thyroid-stimulating hormone Which leukocytes are correctly matched with their function or description? (Select all that apply) - ANSWER-Monocytes - become macrophages Lymphocytes - important in immune response Neutrophils - phagocytize microorganisms The heart has an intrinsic beat that is initiated by which of the following? - ANSWERSinoatrial node Vasodilation and vasoconstriction result from which of the following? - ANSWERRelaxation and contraction of smooth muscle in the arterial wall Which of the following is the blood vessel where exchanges take place between blood and the cells of the body? - ANSWER-Capillary What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called? - ANSWER-External respiration In order for inhalation to occur, what must happen? - ANSWER-Contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood does which of the following? - ANSWER-It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells How does the trachea remain open like a hollow tube? - ANSWER-Supporting cartilaginous rings keep it open The stomach muscle churns and mixes food, turning the mass into a soupy substance called which of the following? - ANSWER-Chyme What is the function of aldosterone? - ANSWER-It conserves sodium in the body All the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein are routed where for decontamination? - ANSWER-Liver Which are the functional units of the kidney? - ANSWER-Nephrons What are the two functions of the male and female sex organs? - ANSWER-Production of gametes and production of hormones In men, spermatozoa develop within the _______ of each testis. - ANSWERSeminiferous tubules Testicular activity is under the control of which hormone(s)? - ANSWER-Both FSH and LH Which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy? - ANSWER-Estrogen During pregnancy, what organ produces the hormones that maintain the endometrium and prepare the breasts for milk production? - ANSWER-Placenta Which of the following statements is anatomically correct? - ANSWER-The hip is proximal to the knee If you wanted to separate the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity, which pla