AQA A level Physics Paper 1 Questions & Answers 2022

Current - ANSWER-Rate of flow of charge Coulomb - ANSWER-The amount of charge passing a point when a current of 1A flows for 1s Potential difference - ANSWER-The work done per unit charge in moving a small point positive charge between two points Threshold Voltage for a Diode - ANSWER-The voltage at which a current will begin to flow at, assumed to be +0.6V if not stated Reverse Bias - ANSWER-When very little currency can flow in the reverse direction of a diode Variable Resistor - ANSWER-Can be used to change the current through a circuit can also be called a rheostat NTC Thermistor - ANSWER-(A type of semiconductor) that has decreasing resistance when its temperature increases - negative temperature coefficient Transitional Temperature - ANSWER-The critical temperature at and below which a superconductor has zero resistivity Semiconductor - ANSWER-A group of materials which conduct electricity (not as well as metals), when their temperature rises they can release more charge carriers and their resistance decreases Resistance - ANSWER-The ratio of a components potential difference to its current Volt - ANSWER-The potential difference across a component when 1 joule of energy is used to move a coulomb of charge through a component Ohm's Law - ANSWER-Provided that the physical conditions remain the same, the current through an ohmic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it Ohmic conductor - ANSWER-A material that follows Ohm's law when physical components remain the same Diodes - ANSWER-Components made from semi conductors that only allow current to flow in one direction Resistivity - ANSWER-The resistance of a 1m length of wire with a 1m^2 cross sectional area Superconductor - ANSWER-A material that has zero resistivity when it is cooled below its critical temperature Critical Temperature - ANSWER-The temperature below which a material will have zero resistance and will become a superconductor Power - ANSWER-The rate of transfer of energy EMF - ANSWER-The work done in moving a unit charge through a battery Lost Volts - ANSWER-Work done per unit charge in overcoming the internal resistance within a battery Terminal PD - ANSWER-The potential difference between the two terminals of the power supply Potential Divider - ANSWER-A circuit with a constant voltage source and more than one resistor connected in series that can be used to vary the output voltage Threshold Frequency - ANSWER-The minimum frequency that must be incident on the surface of a metal for the emission of photoelectrons to occur Electromagnetic Force - ANSWER-A fundamental force that causes interactions between charged particules. Virtual photons are the exchange particles Gravitational Force - ANSWER-A fundamental force which causes attraction between objects with a force proportional to their mass Strong Nuclear Force - ANSWER-A fundamental force with a short range which is attractive between 0.5-3 fm and repulsive between 0-0.5fm Alpha Decay - ANSWER-Occurs in nuclei of 82 protons or more that consists of an alpha particle being emitted Photons - ANSWER-Virtual particles that are discrete packets of energy Antiparticle - ANSWER-Opposite in charge to the particle but have the same rest mass and rest energy PET Scan - ANSWER-Positron Emission Tomography Rest Energy - ANSWER-The amount of energy that would be produced if all of a particle's mass was transformed into energy Fundamental Particle - ANSWER-A particle that cannot be split up into smaller particles Stopping Potential - ANSWER-The work done by the potential difference in stopping the fastest moving electrons Electron Volt - ANSWER-The kinetic energy that an electron has after being accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 1 volt 1 eV = - ANSWER-1.6x10^-19 Joules Ground State - ANSWER-The lowest energy level that an electron can occupy in an atom (n=1) Excitation - ANSWER-When an electron gains the exact amount of energy needed to move up to a higher energy level in an atom Ionisation - ANSWER-The process when an electron gains enough energy from a photon to leave the ground state of the atom that it's in Ionisation Energy - ANSWER-The amount of energy needed to remove an electron from the ground state of an atom Radian - ANSWER-The angle that is equal to the arc length divided by the radius of the circle 2pi radians = 360 degrees Angular Speed - ANSWER-The angle an object rotated through per second (omega = 2pi x frequency) Frequency - ANSWER-The number of complete revolutions per second Light Damping - ANSWER-Stops oscillations over many time periods (just air resistance etc) Heavy Damping - ANSWER-Stops oscillations in few time periods, amplitude gets much smaller each period (like adding a parachute or something) Over Damping - ANSWER-Stops oscillating over 1 time period but takes longer to return to equilibrium (eg toilet seat) Critical Damping - ANSWER-Amplitude of oscillation is reduced to zero in the shortest possible time Density - ANSWER-The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume Hooke's Law - ANSWER-Extension is directly proportional to force applied up to the limit of proportionality Tensile Stress - ANSWER-The ratio of the force applied to an object to its cross sectional area Tensile Strain - ANSWER-The ratio of an object's extension to the original length of the material Breaking Stress - ANSWER-The lowest stress that's big enough to break a material Ultimate Tensile Stress - ANSWER-The maximum stress that a material can withstand Young Modulus - ANSWER-The ratio of stress to strain for a particular material Limit of Proportionality - ANSWER-The point beyond which force is no longer proportional to extension Brittle Material - ANSWER-Doesn't deform plastically but snaps when the stress on it reaches a certain point Brittle Fracture - ANSWER-When a stress applied to a brittle material caused tiny crack at the material's surface to get bigger until the material breaks completely Yield Point - ANSWER-The point at which a material will continue to stretch without any extra load being applied Elastic Limit - ANSWER-The maximum amount that a material can be stretched and still return to its original length when all force is removed Elastic Strain Energy - ANSWER-The energy stored in a stretched material Elastic Collision - ANSWER-A collision in which the total momentum and the total kinetic energy are conserved Inelastic Collision - ANSWER-A collision where momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not Principle of Conservation of Energy - ANSWER-Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can be changed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy in a closed system will not change Scalar - ANSWER-A quantity that only has magnitude no direction Vector - ANSWER-A quantity that has both magnitude and direction