AACN PCCN Practice Test (Answered)

who is at risk for MDRO infection - ANSWER-patients with severe disease, including compromised host defenses from underlying medical conditions, recent surgery, or indwelling medical devices (ex: foleys or ET tubes) what are classic signs of cardiac tamponade? - ANSWER-hypotension, narrowing pulse pressure, tachycardia with weak, thready pulse, and tachypnea what arrhythmia is mitral valve insufficiency associated with? - ANSWER-afib what defines oliguira? - ANSWER-less than 500 ml of output per day what does renal failure result in? - ANSWER-acidosis what type of HF are patients with OSA at risk for? - ANSWER-right-sided HF what is one of the hallmark features of pancreatitis? - ANSWER-dehydration what is treatment for pancreatitis? - ANSWER-hydration, maintenance of electrolyte balance, nutritional support what is unstable angina characterized by? - ANSWER-new onset pain or increase in frequency/duration of pain. pain generally lasts 15-30 minutes. may be experienced at low exertion or rest and pain tends not to respond to SL nitro. symptoms may be accompanied by diaphoresis or dyspnea. what is stable angina characterized by? - ANSWER-pain on exertion or stress that is relieved by rest or SL Nitro. pain generally does not increase in severity over time what characterizes an acute MI? - ANSWER-constant, severe pain and may be accompanied by nausea, weakness, fatigue, anxiety. not relieved with rest, duration exceeds 30 minutes. what are characteristics of dissection aortic aneurysm? - ANSWER-pain is severe and unrelenting, commonly experienced in chest/abdomen and radiates to the back. pain does not improve spontaneously. what procedure is most appropriate for obtaining heart pressure measurements and diagnosing pulmonary HTN? - ANSWER-right sided heart cath what is the best noninvasive test for pulmonary HTN? - ANSWER-transthoracic echocardiogram what is a reasonable goal for the first day Blood Pressure in a stroke patient? - ANSWER-lower by 15-20% in the first day what may improve the prognosis of patients with stroke? - ANSWER-lowering body temp what are the causes of afib in post-cardiac surgery patients? - ANSWER-advanced age, pre-existing medical or cardiac conditions, electrolyte abnormalities, conduction disturbances that wil likely resolve, and pre-existing atrial or valve conditions that contribute to the development of this arrythmia what is a life threatening condition that most commonly occurs with renal dysfunction? - ANSWER-hyperkalemia what medication is contraindicated in RV infarct? - ANSWER-nitro bc it will reduce preload, and patients with RV infarct are preload dependent what are the manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy? - ANSWER-changes in mental state, behavior, personality, decreased self-care ability, deterioration of handwriting, or loss of other small movements, and asterixis ("liver flaps") what are the manifestations of cerebral edema? - ANSWER-decreased LOC, bradycardia, HTN, bradypnea, posturing, unequal pupils, decreased pupillary reaction to light what are impending delirium tremens manifested by? - ANSWER-tremors, irritability, n/v, hallucinations (auditory, visual, or olfactory), confusion, delusions, and severe agitation what is impending azotemia manifested by? - ANSWER-tachycardia, hypotension, and signs of dehydration what is hyponatremia associated with? - ANSWER-SIADH what are neuro complications of hyponatremia? - ANSWER-HA, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, coma, seizure what is common with sepsis ? - ANSWER-DIC what is common in patients with DIC? - ANSWER-jaundice due to increased bilirubin production secondary to hemolysis what type of cardiomyopathy in pt with LV having increased muscle mass and fibrosis causing stiffness? - ANSWER-hypertrophic what defines mild COPD exacerbation? - ANSWER-not requiring mechanical ventilation and having only one of the three cardinal symptoms: increased dyspnea, sputum purulence or sputum production what test should NOT be performed during most COPD exacerbations? - ANSWER-sputum culture what does management of cardiogenic shock include? - ANSWER-decreasing afterload (because CO is greatly diminished) treat with ASA IV heparin infusion bc at risk for LV ventricular and DV thrombosis and maintains coronary artery patency what dysrhythmia is associated with chronic alcohol abuse? - ANSWER-afib