Advanced patho test 3- Maryville Nurs611 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Advanced patho test 3- Maryville Nurs611 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONSPITUITARY ADENOMAS ARE USUALLY BENIGN SLOW-GROWING TUMORS THAT ARISE FROM CELLS OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY hypersecretion of growth hormone/acromegaly patient will report gradual increase in their shoe size, facial bones, hands (rings no longer fit). Increased body odor, coarse skin. 00:22 01:22 diabetes insipidus (DI) ADH=water. In Diabetes insipidus, there is insufficient ADH. Can be neurogenic or nephrogenic DI can be... neurogenic or nephrogenic WBCs: Netrophils are the first to the scene of an inflammatory response. They eat up bacteria/viruses and move on. When the body is overcome with infection, the bone marrow begins releasing numerous immature neutrophils. This is when we see a "shift to the left" of all those immature neutrophils in response to infection. (bands, segs.) Modifiable risk factors for CAD Modifiable are dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, diet, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity Non-modifiable risks for CAD non-modifiable risk factors are age, gender, post-menopausal women, family history. Non-STEMI: Non-STEMI: there is a thrombus but it's not causing complete occlusion of the coronary artery. resulting damage of a non-stemi is: The resulting infarction is sub-endocardial. right sided heart failure ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, secondary to pulmonary issues, anorexia/GI distress, dependent edema types of aneurysms true=involves all three layers. saccular-bulge, fusiform-abdominal usually, false-little tear in artery wall. most common causes of aneurysms Risk with chronic hypertension, atherosclerosis. 00:03 01:22 hypothyroidism sluggish, slow causes of hypothyroidism Can be related to autoimmune causes such as Hashimoto disease. Surgical removal of the thyroid as in thyroid cancer, radiation treatment. clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism Symptoms: bradycardia for no known reason, boggy non-pitting edema under the eyes, thinning hair, thickening/swelling of the neck. dyspnea related to hypoventilation=increased PaC02. hyperthyroidism everything speeds up... causes graves disease what causes graves disease? type II hypersensitivity antibodies are directed against the TSH receptors and cause increased secretion of TH. symptoms of hyperthyroidism increased weight loss, fine/soft hair, tachycardia, restlessness, insomnia, dyspnea, but related to a hypermetabolic state. hyperparathyroidism Calcium-phosphate balance is a reciprocal relationship. Decrease in calcium and the parathyroid puts out PTH. Increased calcium levels, PTH is prevented from being released because calcitonin is secreted and stops osteoclastic activity. what usually precipitates DKA? infection, . Inflammatory process creates glucose to fight infection, resulting in hyperglycemia. DKA is most commonly associated with ______________ type 1 diabetes what type of respirations are associated with DKA and explain reason Body begins depleting fat and muscle stores. Kussmaul respirations are a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis(ridding body of CO2/acid). Nauseated, vomiting as body's way to release acid from GI tract. Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome is usually related to type 2 DM Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome Typically not spilling ketones in urine because they have some intrinsic insulin. Otherwise, very high sugars and presentation otherwise similar to DKA. hypoglycemia Pallor, arousal, anxiety. Need 15 grams of carbs microvascular complications disease that effects the little capillaries microvascular complications can lead to: Blindness, ESRD microvascular complications and hyperglycemia High glucose levels cause thickening of the capillary basement membrane. This results in decreased tissue perfusion, and the cells become hyperplastic. Horrible vicious cycle where tissue perfusion and hyperplasia feed off each other. This highlights the need to screen and treat pre-diabetics also hemoglobin A1C Reflects the glucose coating on the RBC. Lifespan of an RBC is about 120 days, so it's giving us an average glucose over that time period. Macrovascular complications Large and medium sized arteries. There is an