HESI med surg nclex 2022 100% Complete Questions and Answers | A+ Guide

HESI med surg nclex 2022 100% Complete Questions and Answers | A+ Guide HESI MEDSURG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS {} | 100% Complete 1. Healthcare workers must protect themselves against becoming infected with HIV. The Center for Disease Control has issued guidelines for healthcare workers in relation to protection from HIV. These guidelines include which recommendation? A. Place HIV positive clients in strict isolation and limit visitors. B. Wear gloves when coming in contact with the blood or body fluids of any client. Correct C. Conduct mandatory HIV testing of those who work with AIDS clients. D. Freeze HIV blood specimens at -70° F to kill the virus. The CDC guidelines recommend that healthcare workers use gloves when coming in contact with blood or body fluids from ANY client (B) since HIV is infectious before the client becomes aware of symptoms. (A) is not recommended, nor is it necessary. (C) is very controversial, difficult to enforce, and is not recommended by CDC. (D) does not guarantee to kill the virus. Additionally, the purpose of the blood specimen will determine how it is stored and handled. Awarded 5.0 points out of 5.0 possible points. 2. 2.ID: The nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), which is manifested by which symptoms? A. Loss of thirst, weight gain. Correct B. Dependent edema, fever. C. Polydipsia, polyuria. D. Hypernatremia, tachypnea. SIADH occurs when the posterior pituitary gland releases too much ADH, causing water retention, a urine output of less than 20 ml/hour, and dilutional hyponatremia. Other indications of SIADH are loss of thirst, weight gain (A), irritability, muscle weakness, and decreased level of consciousness. (B) is not associated with SIADH. (C) is a finding associated with diabetes insipidus (a water metabolism problem caused by an ADH deficiency), not SIADH. The increase in plasma volume causes an increase in the glomerular filtration rate that inhibits the release of rennin and aldosterone, which results in an increased sodium loss in urine, leading to greater hyponatremia, not (D). Awarded 5.0 points out of 5.0 possible points. 3. 3.ID: An elderly client is admitted with a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. The nurse's assessment of the client is most likely to reveal which sign/symptom? A. Leukocytosis and febrile. B. Polycythemia and crackles. C. Pharyngitis and sputum production. Incorrect D. Confusion and tachycardia. Correct HESI MEDSURG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS {} | 100% Complete The onset of pneumonia in the elderly may be signaled by general deterioration, confusion, increased heart rate or increased respiratory rate (D). (A, B, and C) are often absent in the elderly with bacterial pneumonia. Awarded 0.0 points out of 5.0 possible points. 4. 4.ID: Which reaction should the nurse identify in a client who is responding to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system? A. Pupil constriction. B. Increased heart rate. Correct C. Bronchial constriction. D. Decreased blood pressure. Any stressor that is perceived as threatening to homeostasis acts to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and manifests as a flight-or-fight response, which includes an increase in heart rate (B). (A, C, and D) are responses of the parasympathetic nervous system. Awarded 5.0 points out of 5.0 possible points. 5. 5.ID: Which assessment finding by the nurse during a client's clinical breast examination requires followup? A. Newly retracted nipple. Correct B. A thickened area where the skin folds under the breast. C. Whitish nipple discharge. Incorrect D. Tender lumpiness noted bilaterally throughout the breasts. A newly retracted nipple (A), compared to a life-long finding, may be an indication of breast cancer and requires additional follow-up. The inframammary ridge (B) is a normal anatomic finding. Up to 80% of women may experience an intermittent nipple discharge (C), especially related to recent stimulation, and in most cases, nipple discharge is not related to malignancy. (D) is a classic finding for fibrocystic breast disease, a benign condition. Awarded 0.0 points out of 5.0 possible points. 6. 6.ID: The nurse is assisting a client out of bed for the first time after surgery. What action should the nurse do first? A. Place a chair at a right angle to the bedside. B. Encourage deep breathing prior to standing. C. Help the client to sit and dangle legs on the side of the bed. Incorrect D. Allow the client to sit with the bed in a high Fowler's position. Correct The first step is to raise the head of the bed to a high Fowler's position (D), which allow venous return to compensate from lying flat and vasodilating effects of perioperative drugs. (A, B, and C) are implemented after (D). Awarded 0.0 points out of 5.0 possible points. 7. 7.ID: In assessing a client diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism, the nurse expects the laboratory test results to indicate a decreased serum level of which substance? A. Sodium. Incorrect B. Antidiuretic hormone. C. Potassium. Correct D. Glucose. Clients with primary aldosteronism exhibit a profound decline in the serum levels of potassium (C) (hypokalemia)--hypertension i