Six Sigma Practices Questions 2--(ASQ Practice Question Set) Complete Solutions.
Six Sigma Practices Questions 2--(ASQ Practice Question Set) Complete Solutions. Which of the following statements describes a reason why companies find Six Sigma valuable? A. Six Sigma provides a customized improvement methodology that can be applied anywhere throughout the business. B. Six Sigma fundamentally changes how a company improves. C. Six Sigma makes no overall changes to the quality of the company's products and services. D. Six Sigma is a long-term approach to improvement that does not fundamentally change the way a company measures success.: Answer - Answer= D= long-term approach to improvement that does not fundamentally change the way a company measures success. Six Sigma focuses on achieving financial targets or reducing costs within 12 months, which is not necessarily a change in how a company improves the quality of its products or services. Additionally, simply changing an approach with no regard for results is not part of the Six Sigma value proposition. Six Sigma is a standard (not customized) improvement methodology that can be applied to many businesses and throughout an individual business. Six Sigma projects almost always target quality improvement. Which of the following best describes the Six Sigma philosophy? A) Daily activity sustaining continuous improvement in which people do rapid experiments to learn how to eliminate waste in business processes. B) Regularly scheduled rapid improvement events in which the right people come together to find ways to eliminate waste in business processes and implement their solutions very quickly. C) Teams working on short- to medium-term projects, using a standardized methodology to solve problems that directly impact the bottom line, exposing the "hidden factories," and using statistical methods to drive their decisions. D) A structured management approach for the entire organization, centered on quality, based on the participation of everyone, and aimed at long-term success through customer satisfaction.: Answer - Six Sigma emphasizes solving problems using statistical methods to drive the solutions using the DMAIC process. Correct = D) A structured management approach for the entire organization, centered on quality, based on the participation of everyone, and aimed at long-term success through customer satisfaction. Kaizen philosophy= Daily activity sustaining continuous improvement in which people do rapid experiments to learn how to eliminate waste in business process LEAN= Regularly scheduled rapid improvement events in which the right people come together to find ways to eliminate waste in business processes and implement their solutions very quickly is the philosophy behind lean. Which of the following was one of Shewhart's contributions to the foundation of the Six Sigma methodology and tools? A) He experimented, identified, and documented the concept of the "Hawthorne effect." B) He created and used control charts, and he introduced the concept of statistical quality control. C) He was the first to describe and define the Six Sigma DMAIC approach to continuous improvement. D) He first promoted the idea that any process variation from a desired target value was a loss to society.: Answer - Answer=Control Chart= Shewart While he worked at the Hawthorne plant, the so-called "Hawthorne effect" was not documented by Shewhart. The reality of the "Hawthorne effect" is also still debated. An insurance company is attempting to address minor issues with its claims payment process. If it chooses to use the PDSA cycle popularized by Deming, what would be the correct order of steps to take? A) Implement the desired changes with a pilot program. B) Measure the performance of the modified process. C) Identify what changes to the claims process should be made. D) Integrate successful results into the existing claims process.: Answer - Answer= 3, 1, 2, 4 Identify, Implement, Measure and Integrate are the correct order of steps in the PDSA improvement cycle. Which one of the following in the Juran Trilogy included evaluating actual quality performance? A) Quality improvement B) Quality planning C) Quality assurance D) Quality control: Answer - Juran was one of the first to write about the cost of poor quality.[11] This was illustrated by his "Juran trilogy", an approach to cross-functional management, which is composed of three managerial processes: quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement. Without change, there will be a constant waste, during change there will be increased costs, but after the improvement, margins will be higher and the increased costs get recouped. D= Quality control includes evaluating actual performance, comparing actual performance, and acting on the difference. Quality planning involves establishing goals, identifying customers and their needs, and developing features, processes, and controls to meet the customer needs. Quality improvement involves proving the need, establishing the infrastructure, identifying the improvement projects, and establishing teams and controls. Business process management is based on the premise of which of the following? A) Each process in an organization should be optimized to its own highest level of performance to achieve company goals. B) Process ownership is delegated to those actually doing the work in a process. C) Achieving organizational goals is often driven by the coordination of a complex system of cross-functional processes. D) Managing the quality of tangible process outputs is more important than managing the quality of service delivery.: Answer - C= Correct! Achieving organizational goals is often driven by the coordination of a complex system of cross-functional processes is the correct answer, suggesting that monitoring of inputs, outputs, and process feedback are necessary to achieve organizational goals. Optimizing a process to its highest level of performance without regard for impact on other processes can sub optimize the organization as a whole. While staff doing the work have responsibilities for quality, process ownership typically resides at the executive or management level. Managing the quality of process outputs and related service delivery will vary in importance depending upon customer requirements and organizational goals. Which of the following is an example of sub-optimization of the whole? A) Focusing on satisfying customer requirements will necessarily optimize the whole organization. B) The best way to optimize the whole organization is to optimize its parts either one at a time or using some design of experiments approach. C) The only way to optimize the whole is for all to sacrifice to work together to produce the best output (products/services) for their customers. D) Organizational processes are interdependent; the requirements specific to a sub-process may not align with organizational objectives.: Answer - D=The interconnectedness or interdependence of each process may require an individual process to sub-optimize to fulfill broader organizational performance goals (e.g., one sub-process may overproduce for downstream processes, increasing levels of waste within the organization). Because processes within an organization are interdependent, the whole organization cannot be optimized by optimizing its parts. For all to sacrifice to work together to produce the best output (products/services) for their customers is not the way to optimize the whole; rather, it restates the question as a statement. Which of the following statements best describes how Six Sigma and lean tools are applied? A) Six Sigma defines the project and quality levels and lean tools identify non-value added waste. B) Lean tools are only applicable in manufacturing or transactional situations, whereas Six Sigma tools can be used throughout. C) It is best to apply Six Sigma and lean separately with experts in each discipline working together on projects. D) Lean tools define the project and quality levels with Six Sigma identifying non-value added waste: Answer - Although lean tools can be used to define projects, they typically are more effectively used to measure process performance. High-level Six Sigma metrics define projects that then can use lean tools to measure process performance. Close There have been many quality management systems developed in the past 100 years. Of the following list, which quality management tool is the most recent addition? A) FMEA B) TQM C) SPC D)Balanced scorecard: Answer - The concept of the balanced scorecard was developed by Kaplan and Norton in the mid-1990s. Which of the following is the best reason a company will choose, all else being equal, projects that most positively impact profitability? A) Profit allows an organization to purchase new machinery to meet increasing demand. B) High profits in the present guarantee the long-term success of a company. C) Earning profits allows a company to continue to work toward the goals of management. D) A company with profits can reward shareholders with quarterly dividends.: Answer - C= Correct! ----Earning profits allows a company to continue to work toward the goals of management is the correct answer. Profitability ensures an organization can remain an ongoing concern and work toward its goals, regardless of how it chooses to do so. Current profitability is no guarantee of future profitability. The organization must continually adapt to changing market conditions. Which of the following is a reason that market share is a key concern of management? A) Increasing market share brings significant additional risk to delivery of existing products and services. B) Increasing market share may bring economies of scale as fixed costs do not increase in proportion to variable costs. C) Decreasing market share improves the ratio of fixed costs to variable costs. D) Market share is a reliable indicator of a product or service's capability to address management's needs.: Answer - Increasing market share may bring economies of scale as fixed costs do not increase in proportion to variable costs, is the correct answer. Market share indicates the capability of a company's products/services/prices to address the needs of the customer. Increasing market share brings additional risk, but it is considered modest as the means of delivery and deployment have been tested and found effective. Decreasing market share worsens the ratio of fixed costs to variable costs, the opposite of gaining economies of scale. Customer satisfaction is primarily driven by which of the following? A) Delivering quality and product features that exceed those provided by competitors B) Capturing customer feedback through multiple methods (e.g., surveys, complaints, etc.) C) Identifying both the stated and unstated needs of customer segments D) The ability of a product or service to meet the needs of a user or purchaser: Answer - As with identifying needs, capturing customer feedback is important. However, unless the feedback is acted upon in a meaningful way, it will not promote customer satisfaction. Quality and product features are important, but there are other considerations such as providing unnecessary features, value for price, etc. The ability of a product or service to meet the needs of a user or purchaser is the correct answer. Which of the following statements best explains how Six Sigma projects are related to organizational goals? A) Organizational goals determine the Six Sigma projects that should be executed for all processes of the organization. B) Project selection criteria should be aligned with the mission of the organization and its related quality, service, and cost goals. C) Project goals are determined by the process being measured and will necessarily optimize the organization for achieving its goals. D) Six Sigma projects identify process output measures that are used to establish broader goals for the organization: Answer - Project selection criteria aligned with the mission of the organization and its related quality, service, and cost goals is the correct answer. Organizational goals should be used to identify valuable Six Sigma projects to be launched for key processes that support the goals. Organizational goals should be used to identify valuable Six Sigma projects to be launched for key processes that support the goals. Setting goals based simply on the process in question can sub optimize the organization. Six Sigma projects being identified as process output measures that are used to establish broader goals for the organization is a backward response. Without consideration of organizational goals, a Six Sigma project may pick goals that are inappropriate or that have adverse impact on the organization. Which of the following statements best describes why companies find implementing lean to be valuable? A) Lean creates value for the organization by systematically identifying and eliminating waste. B) Lean prevents errors or mistakes from producing waste in the production cycle. C)Lean ensures that processes operate so that products or services meet or exceed customer requirements. D) Lean translates customer requirements into technical specifications to assure outstanding products or services are produced.: Answer - A= Correct = Creating value for the organization by systematically identifying and eliminating waste is the value that lean provides. Preventing errors or mistakes from producing waste in the production cycle is the value of error-proofing or poka yoke, one of the lean tools. Translating customer requirements into technical specifications to assure outstanding products or services are produced is the value of quality function deployment. Ensuring that processes operate so that products or services meet or exceed customer requirements is the value of control plans. Which of the following is most important when developing a series of measurements for an organization? A) Identify measurements common to other organizations for benchmarking purposes. B)Establish process capability Cpk for core processes first. C) Measure all processes across the organization to surface potential issues. D) Align measurement priorities with goals and available resources.: Answer - D=Correct! Measurements should support organizational goals and be implemented within the constraints of available resources. While an organization with sufficient resources might be able or desire to attain this level of measurement, it would still need to make sense within the context of goals and resource availability. Additionally, measurement should only be undertaken when there is a reason to measure. Close Core processes should be measured, but Cpk is only useful when the process is known to be in statistical control with a normal distribution. The typical balanced scorecard measures organizational performance in which of the following categories? Financial, Output, Process, Input Strategic, Financial, Customer, Learning Supplier, Process, Customer, Financial Financial, Customer, Process, Learning: Answer - Financial, Customer, Process, Learning are the categories (dimensions) found on the typical balanced scorecard developed by Kaplan and Norton. The theory of constraints method starts with which of the following steps? A)Start by optimizing all processes in the process chain. B) Start by identifying the weakest process in the process chain. C) Start by adjusting the processes to match the weakest process. D) Start by improving all the slow processes.: Answer - B= CORRECT!! ----The first step in theory of constraints is to identify the constraining (weakest) process. Theory of constraints recognizes that optimizing the pieces of a system sub-optimizes the whole system. Theory of constraints can be repeated to improve the next weak process after the weakest process is improved. Theory of constraints recognizes that optimizing the pieces of a system sub-optimizes the whole system. A process adds value in the value chain if it satisfies which of the following? A) It is done right the first time, the customer is willing to pay for it, and it changes the thing in the process. B) It is done right the first time, the customer is willing to pay for it, and it does not change the thing passing through the process. C) It is done right the first time, the customer does not care, and it changes the thing in the process. D) It reduces error, the customer is willing to pay for it, and it changes the thing in the process.: Answer - A= CORRECT !--A process is value added if it meets all three criteria: 1. done right the first time (no rework), 2. the customer is willing to pay for it, and 3. the process changes the thing that passes through the process. A process that reduces error means it was not done right the first time and has errors that need rework, so it is not a value-added process. f the thing passing through the process is not changed then it is not required at all and is not a value-added process. Perfection can be achieved in the business process by which of the following? A) Conducting a one-time brainstorming session B) Adding more resources in the process C) Iteratively and continuously improving the process D) Having a kaizen blitz session: Answer - Perfection is not a one-time effort. It goes through many iterations as it is continuously improved. Kaizen blitz is a one-time problem-solving process. Adding more resources will not make the process perfect Process A = C/T: 1 minute Process B =C/T : 4 minutes Which process generates excess inventory?: Answer - Process A is pushing more inventory to process B. Process B has more cycle time to complete. The output generated by process A is excess inventory. Process B has more cycle time to process the inventory than process A. It is not generating excess inventory. Which of the activities in this process flow diagram that must be non-value added?: Answer - Activities D and E are part of a rework loop. Activity D is an inspection activity and activity E must be a re-work activity for products to pass activity D. If activities A, B, and C are performed correctly, activities D and E don't add any value. Which of the following is an example of a process that can benefit from applying value stream mapping to identify waste in space? A production unit requires the storage of metal parts awaiting rework on the shop floor. A metal plating process producing excessive scrap parts as a result of a poor maintenance program. A raw materials release process requires the approvals of the purchasing, production, and warehouse managers. A production process that requires moving parts from the warehouse to a staging area, then to the production floor for assembly.: Answer - Storage is a type of waste associated with space. Value stream mapping can be used to identify such waste. Scrap is a type of waste in materials. Requiring too many permissions is an example of complexity waste. A production that requires moving parts from the warehouse to a staging area, then to the production floor for assembly is an example of transportation waste (movement) that may not add value. During the production of yogurt, line operators collect samples from the milk and test its pH before immediately submitting the results to the quality control laboratory. Laboratory technicians then test the pH, protein content, and viscosity of the milk. Which of the following describes the second pH test performed by the laboratory? A)Non-value added B) process performance indicator C) Product release test D) Quality assurance: Answer - A= CORRECT! Since the second pH test is immediately performed after the first one, it is an extra inspection step that is not adding any value to the process. Laboratory tests are considered quality control activities, not assurance activities. Product release test is an in-process test (finished product is the yogurt), not a release test. An automotive parts supplier uses a robotic welding process for metal assemblies. Welded parts are then inspected, and if failed, are subjected to manual welding to correct any welding deficiencies. This supplier is faced with increased operating costs and diminishing margins, and as a result is in search for cost-cutting measures. Which of the following can be considered an option for improving the abovementioned process? >>>>CONTINUES
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six sigma practices questions 2 asq
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six sigma practices questions 2 asq practice question set
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which of the following statements describes a reason why companies find six sigma valuable
