AP European History Exam Review Questions and Answers Already Graded A

AP European History Exam Review Questions and Answers Already Graded A *Jacob Burkhardt* a Swiss writer that wrote Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy in 1860. He was the first to coin the Renaissance as a period of rebirth. Hanseatic League a commercial and defensive league of many merchant guilds and their market towns that were made up of many German States against trade that prevented a lot of commerce for a time The Medici a banking family of Florence that controlled much power in the city state; they helped patron much of the arts and made Florence the center of the Renaissance Baldassare Castilglione wrote Book of The Courtier; a standard for the Renaissance man that aimed to make a man achieve a well-rounded life through the arts. It also gave some advice on women, asking them to be chaste. Florence the center of the Renaissance. It was a cultural breeding ground and patroned many people of the arts. It was also a flourishing city in trade. Venice a city that was centered around trade and dominated in power Papal States the religious states that helped patron the arts. It was centered around the Pope's power Naples a kingdom that did not have much power; they were not a real patron of the RenaissanceIsabella d'Este was one of the leading women in the Renaissance as a political and cultural figure that was a patron of the arts; regent of Mantua and prolific writer. She patroned the arts. Niccolo Maciavelli wrote The Prince that described that the acquisition and expansion of political power as the means to restore and mantain order. It was secular and said the ends justified the means. Cesare Borgia son of Pope Alexander VI that used ruthless measures to achieve his goal of carving a new state in Italy. He abandoned morality for political activity. Humanism an intellectual movement based on the study of the classical literary works of Greee and Rome. They studied the liberal arts and antiquity. They were largely secular. Petrarch the father of humanism. He was the first to say that the Middle Ages were a period of darkness. It set him searching for Latin books that put an emphasis on classical Latin such as that of Cicero. Civic Humanism Florence's humanist movement that was tied to civic spirit and pride in that country. Lorenzo Valla educated in bothLatin and Greek that made him write The Elegances of the Latin Language to purify medieval Latin and restore Latin to its proper position over the vernacular. He accepted only the Latin Language of the last century of the Roman Republic and first of their empire Neoplatonism the rebirth in interest in Plato that was advocated by the translator Ficino Giovanni Pico della Mirandola one of the most famous pieces of writing of the Renaissance called The Oration on the Dignity of Man. He combined the works of many philosophers that were all part of God's revelation to humanity. He believed in unlimited human potential.Johannes Gutenburg made the Gutenburg Bible, which was the first truebook of the West to be produced by the movable type. Sandro Boticelli had an interest in Greek and Roman mythology as seen with Primavera. It has well-defined figures with an otherworldly quality that is not quite realism. Donato di Donatello spent his time in Rome copying Greek and Roman statues. His statue David shows the triumph and strength of Florence over Milan. It had simplicity and strength that reflected the dignity of man.