l r e a e
n s
C n e m i e a f i o
:
slow reactions
•
and fast :
slow : medium : fast :
-
ripening of fruits
-
burning of fuels -
explosives
( TNT )
•
factors that affect the rate of a reaction :
→
surface area ↳
pressure
↳ concentration of reactants ↳ catalysts ( enzymes )
↳
temperature where the chemical reaction occurs .
collision theory :
-
for products formed the collision must have certain minimum amount of
energy activation
◦
to be ,
a known as
energy .
without catalyst
-
y with catalyst
- -
- activation
energy
£
>
overall
•
s
> - - -
f- - - -
energy
o reactants change
products
>
°
of reaction
progress
-
concentration :
number of given volume
particles
•
measure of in a
•
increase in concentration , increases reaction rate
-
pressure :
of reactions that involve increases reaction rate
increase pressure gases the
-
, .
temperature :
-
(gains kinetic energy molecules collide )
temperature frequently
-
increase increases reaction rate more so the more
, ,
-
surface area :
i
increase surface area increases reaction rate ( powder )
,
-
catalyst :
-
speeds up a chemical reaction without being and isn't changed by the reaction
used up
.
becanse
.
,
collisions
happen more
frequently
haber and contact catalyst Haber
'
process process uses .
process , produces Ammonia where ,
iron is the catalyst .
toxic
catalytic converters in cars remove exhaust gases
'
.
haber process industrial of
producing ammonia (exothermic reaction ) from hydrogen and nitrogen
:
process .
exothermic reaction : must be at low temp / 400 -450°C )
.
because it already gives out heat .
light
-
:
photosynthesis
'
is affected by light
-
can break bonds , overcoming the activation energy ,
which causes a chemical reaction .
photochemical reaction that occurs result Gob Of
light
-
reactions : as a of
sorption .
•
Ozone
depletion : caused
by chlorofluorocarbons ( CFC )
UV light
Cfzclz
>
CFZCI + Cl
chlorine
radical
then the CI reacts with it
ozone
, destroying :
Cl (g) + 0
, (g) →
04cg ) +
Oz (g)
, reaction rate :
↳ of the reaction
the measure of how
quickly the reactants in a reaction change into the
product
-
how to measure reaction rate :
↳ how decrease
quickly reactants
[
↳ how
quickly the
product increase
calcium carbonate +
hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride t water + carbon dioxide
, , ,, , zµ , , , ga , , , µ , , ,,
,
, , ,
( )
as the reaction continue ,
the mass of the reactants will decrease because coz is
given off loss of mass
Er
{
É
* of reaction " °" d " " b " "" " there is "" " " """
rate
§
E
B
✗
.
time
J
volume
: gain
in :
{
←
-0
✗
B rate " re " "" decreases
i
or
at ✗A
0
§
S T g
-3
Time
n s
C n e m i e a f i o
:
slow reactions
•
and fast :
slow : medium : fast :
-
ripening of fruits
-
burning of fuels -
explosives
( TNT )
•
factors that affect the rate of a reaction :
→
surface area ↳
pressure
↳ concentration of reactants ↳ catalysts ( enzymes )
↳
temperature where the chemical reaction occurs .
collision theory :
-
for products formed the collision must have certain minimum amount of
energy activation
◦
to be ,
a known as
energy .
without catalyst
-
y with catalyst
- -
- activation
energy
£
>
overall
•
s
> - - -
f- - - -
energy
o reactants change
products
>
°
of reaction
progress
-
concentration :
number of given volume
particles
•
measure of in a
•
increase in concentration , increases reaction rate
-
pressure :
of reactions that involve increases reaction rate
increase pressure gases the
-
, .
temperature :
-
(gains kinetic energy molecules collide )
temperature frequently
-
increase increases reaction rate more so the more
, ,
-
surface area :
i
increase surface area increases reaction rate ( powder )
,
-
catalyst :
-
speeds up a chemical reaction without being and isn't changed by the reaction
used up
.
becanse
.
,
collisions
happen more
frequently
haber and contact catalyst Haber
'
process process uses .
process , produces Ammonia where ,
iron is the catalyst .
toxic
catalytic converters in cars remove exhaust gases
'
.
haber process industrial of
producing ammonia (exothermic reaction ) from hydrogen and nitrogen
:
process .
exothermic reaction : must be at low temp / 400 -450°C )
.
because it already gives out heat .
light
-
:
photosynthesis
'
is affected by light
-
can break bonds , overcoming the activation energy ,
which causes a chemical reaction .
photochemical reaction that occurs result Gob Of
light
-
reactions : as a of
sorption .
•
Ozone
depletion : caused
by chlorofluorocarbons ( CFC )
UV light
Cfzclz
>
CFZCI + Cl
chlorine
radical
then the CI reacts with it
ozone
, destroying :
Cl (g) + 0
, (g) →
04cg ) +
Oz (g)
, reaction rate :
↳ of the reaction
the measure of how
quickly the reactants in a reaction change into the
product
-
how to measure reaction rate :
↳ how decrease
quickly reactants
[
↳ how
quickly the
product increase
calcium carbonate +
hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride t water + carbon dioxide
, , ,, , zµ , , , ga , , , µ , , ,,
,
, , ,
( )
as the reaction continue ,
the mass of the reactants will decrease because coz is
given off loss of mass
Er
{
É
* of reaction " °" d " " b " "" " there is "" " " """
rate
§
E
B
✗
.
time
J
volume
: gain
in :
{
←
-0
✗
B rate " re " "" decreases
i
or
at ✗A
0
§
S T g
-3
Time
