AP Euro key terms 100% pass

AP Euro key terms 100% pass Humanism the scholarly interest in the study of classical texts, values and styles of Greece and Rome. Humanism contributed to the promotion of a liberal arts education based on the study of the classics, rhetoric, and history Christian Humanism Northern European Reniassance. A branch of humanism. Like thier italian counterparts the christian humanists closely studied classical texts however they also sought to give it a specifically christian content. Christian humanists like Erasmus were committed to religious piety and institutional reform Vernacular the everday language of a region or country. Miguel de Cervantes, Geoffrey Chaucer, Dante, and Martin Luther all encouraged the development of their national languages by writing in the vernacular. Erasmus however, continued to write in Latin New Monarchs European monarchs who created professional armies and a more centralized administrative bureaucracy. The new monarchs also negotiated a new relationship with the Catholic Church. Key new monarchs include Charles VII, Louis XI, Henry VII and Ferdinand/Isabella Taille direct tax on french peasantry. Key sources of income for french monarchs until the french revolution Reconquista centuries long "reconquest" of spain from the muslims. The reconquista culminated in 1492 with the conquest of the last muslim stronghold, granada. indulgence a certificate granted by the pope in return for payment. the certificate stated that the soul of the dead relative or friend of the purchaser would have his time in purgatory reduced by many years or cancelledAnabaptist protestants who insisited that only adult baptism conformed to scripture. protestant and catholic leaders condemned anabaptists for advocating the complete separation of church and state predestination doctrine espoused by John Calvin that God has known since the beinning of time who will be saved and who will be damned. Calvin declared that "by an eternal and immutable counsel, God has once and for all determined, both whom he would admit to salvation, and whom he would condemn to destruction" huguenots French protestants who followed the teachings of John Calvin (French Calvinists) Politiques Rulers who put political necessities above personal beliefs. For example both Henry IV of France and Elizabeth I of England put theological controversies second in order to achieve political unity Columbian Exchange the interchange of plants, animals, diseases, and human populations between the Old World and the New World Mercantilism Economic philosophy calling for close government regulation of the economy. Mercantilist theory emphasized building a strong, self sufficient economy by max exports and min imports. mercantilists supported the acquistion of colonies as sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods. This favorable balance of trade would enable a country to accumulate reserves of gold and silver Putting out system A preindustrial manufacturing system in which an entrepreneur would bring materials to rural people who worked on them in their own homes. For example, watch manufacturers in Swiss towns emplyed villagers to make parts for their products. The system enabled entrepreneurs to avoid restrictive guild (union-like) regulations.