UNIT 6
C: Safely undertake the project, collecting,
analyzing, and presenting the results.
D: Review the investigative project using correct
scientific principles.
By: Ajmal Shekeb NOORMAL
,Table of Contents
Scenario............................................................................................................................................. 2
Implemented Method by the Investigator ..................................................................................... 2
Hypothesis:.......................................................................................................................................... 2
Equipment Used: ................................................................................................................................... 3
Method: .............................................................................................................................................. 3
Risk Assessment:.................................................................................................................................. 5
Results: .............................................................................................................................................. 6
T-Test Results: ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Analysis and Evaluation .................................................................................................................. 9
Percentage Error: ............................................................................................................................... 11
Published Data: ............................................................................................................................... 11
Skills Developed..................................................................................................................................... 16
Suggestions and Improvements: ............................................................................................................ 17
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................... 18
, Scenario
A student works in a research and development lab. His boss has decided that it's
time for him to take charge of his own project. He has opted to explore the effect of
ethanol and caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia based on suggestions from his
supervisor and his personal interest in the field of chemistry and biology. He has
successfully completed the literature review required to develop an investigative
project concept and plan. He will now put his plan into action and evaluate his project.
The author was able to explore the influence of various caffeine and ethanol
concentrations on the heart rate of daphnia in this project. He was able to validate
my hypothesis that the effect of the same concentration of ethanol or caffeine on the
heart rates of different daphnia of the same type will be identical during this
experiment. The investigator was able to examine the experiment, interpret the data
using proper statistical tests, and conclude with reliable findings from this research
in this report. He was able to assess the correctness and dependability of my data
using secondary data and standard deviation calculations. The results revealed that
the strategy he utilised was effective and appropriate.
The heart rate is slowed by ethanol. Ethanol acts as a non-selective neurodepressant
at the concentrations utilised in this experiment, depressing the neurological system.
In humans, the levels of ethanol required to have this effect would also be enough to
suppress the brain's respiratory centres, similar to the impact of an overdose of
general anaesthesia, resulting in death. 2 Ethanol is a depressive and psychoactive
chemical that raises the risk of high blood pressure, heart failure, obesity, stroke,
cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia, and cardiac mortality. (British Pharmacological Society and Prof
Handy. R,)
In the heart, caffeine mimics some of the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Caffeine raises the quantity of cAMP in the sinoatrial node by a separate method that
does not include beta-1 adrenoceptors. The electrical activity of the sinoatrial node
increases when cAMP levels rise, causing it to depolarize and 'beat' quicker. Caffeine
has extra cardiovascular effects. It can affect the main pumping chambers
(ventricles), similar to adrenaline and noradrenaline, causing an increase in the pace
of contraction and relaxation of each heartbeat. This means that the heart's individual
beats are connected with a higher volume of blood ejected into the circulation per
unit time, in addition to beating quicker. This is referred to as raising cardiac output.
(British Pharmacological Society and Prof Handy. R,)
Implemented Method by the Investigator
Hypothesis:
The effect of the same concentration of ethanol or caffeine on the heart rates of
different daphnia of the same type is similar, and as the concentration of ethanol
increases, the heat rates of different daphnia decrease by the same percentage, and
as the concentration of caffeine increases, the heart rate of all daphnia used
increases by the same percentage. The author's goal was to compute daphnia's heart
C: Safely undertake the project, collecting,
analyzing, and presenting the results.
D: Review the investigative project using correct
scientific principles.
By: Ajmal Shekeb NOORMAL
,Table of Contents
Scenario............................................................................................................................................. 2
Implemented Method by the Investigator ..................................................................................... 2
Hypothesis:.......................................................................................................................................... 2
Equipment Used: ................................................................................................................................... 3
Method: .............................................................................................................................................. 3
Risk Assessment:.................................................................................................................................. 5
Results: .............................................................................................................................................. 6
T-Test Results: ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Analysis and Evaluation .................................................................................................................. 9
Percentage Error: ............................................................................................................................... 11
Published Data: ............................................................................................................................... 11
Skills Developed..................................................................................................................................... 16
Suggestions and Improvements: ............................................................................................................ 17
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................... 18
, Scenario
A student works in a research and development lab. His boss has decided that it's
time for him to take charge of his own project. He has opted to explore the effect of
ethanol and caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia based on suggestions from his
supervisor and his personal interest in the field of chemistry and biology. He has
successfully completed the literature review required to develop an investigative
project concept and plan. He will now put his plan into action and evaluate his project.
The author was able to explore the influence of various caffeine and ethanol
concentrations on the heart rate of daphnia in this project. He was able to validate
my hypothesis that the effect of the same concentration of ethanol or caffeine on the
heart rates of different daphnia of the same type will be identical during this
experiment. The investigator was able to examine the experiment, interpret the data
using proper statistical tests, and conclude with reliable findings from this research
in this report. He was able to assess the correctness and dependability of my data
using secondary data and standard deviation calculations. The results revealed that
the strategy he utilised was effective and appropriate.
The heart rate is slowed by ethanol. Ethanol acts as a non-selective neurodepressant
at the concentrations utilised in this experiment, depressing the neurological system.
In humans, the levels of ethanol required to have this effect would also be enough to
suppress the brain's respiratory centres, similar to the impact of an overdose of
general anaesthesia, resulting in death. 2 Ethanol is a depressive and psychoactive
chemical that raises the risk of high blood pressure, heart failure, obesity, stroke,
cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia, and cardiac mortality. (British Pharmacological Society and Prof
Handy. R,)
In the heart, caffeine mimics some of the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Caffeine raises the quantity of cAMP in the sinoatrial node by a separate method that
does not include beta-1 adrenoceptors. The electrical activity of the sinoatrial node
increases when cAMP levels rise, causing it to depolarize and 'beat' quicker. Caffeine
has extra cardiovascular effects. It can affect the main pumping chambers
(ventricles), similar to adrenaline and noradrenaline, causing an increase in the pace
of contraction and relaxation of each heartbeat. This means that the heart's individual
beats are connected with a higher volume of blood ejected into the circulation per
unit time, in addition to beating quicker. This is referred to as raising cardiac output.
(British Pharmacological Society and Prof Handy. R,)
Implemented Method by the Investigator
Hypothesis:
The effect of the same concentration of ethanol or caffeine on the heart rates of
different daphnia of the same type is similar, and as the concentration of ethanol
increases, the heat rates of different daphnia decrease by the same percentage, and
as the concentration of caffeine increases, the heart rate of all daphnia used
increases by the same percentage. The author's goal was to compute daphnia's heart
