ATLS practice 2022 Questions With All the Correct Answer

Definitive control of the airway is achieved by Endotracheal intubation How do you treat hypothermia in the ED? crystalloid fluids at 102.2 degrees F and warmed treatment area What does definitive hemorrhage control refer to? (3) 1) Possible surgery 2) Stabilizing of pelvis 3) Angioembolization What are rates of fluid administration measured by? Size and length of catheter Minimum flow rate of oxygen reservoir mask 11 L/min MCC of shock in trauma pt Hypovolemia due to hemorrhage Describe the 3 for 1 rule Replace each mL of blood loss with 3 ml of crystalloid solution What metabolic state can result from continued hemorrhage or decreased perfusion? Metabolic acidosis In what survey, primary or secondary, are these identified? 1) Simple PTX 2) Pulmonary contusion 3) Traumatic aortic disruption Secondary Via thorough PE, CXR, pulse ox, ECG and ABG What imaging study is preferred for penetrating abdominal trauma? CT What can FAST rapidly diagnose? Abdominal hemorrhage When is a laparotomy indicated? Fascial penetration with intraperitoneal bleeding or peritonitis What does the Monro Kellie doctrine describe? The relationship between IC volume and pressure Normal resting ICP 10 mm Hg How do you reduce elevated ICP? Mannitol in a 20% solution How do you temporarily control pelvic hemorrhage and instability? Internal traction and external counter-pressure How do you initially manage major arterial injury? Direct pressure and fluid resuscitation Full thickness burn Third degree burn What is used to estimate the size and depth of burns? Rule of 9's Head= 9% Each arm=9% Front Trunk= 18% Back Trunk= 18% Upper leg= 9% Lower leg= 9% What type of burns appear wet and blistered? Partial thickness burns (second degree) How do you treat CO exposed pt? 100% oxygen flow through non re-breather mask What is a reliable measure of circulating blood volumes