ORAL PATHOLOGY FINAL STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS

ORAL PATHOLOGY FINAL STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation? Heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function Where is the most common location in the oral cavity for a pyogenic granuloma is on the? Gingiva, but can be found on lips, tongue and buccal mucosa What are the causes that are associated with denture stomatitis? Loosely fitting dentures, worn continuously (24hr), poor dental hygiene What is the term used to describe an increase in the size of an organ, and the decrease in size of an organ? Increase - hypertrophy, Decrease - atrophy, Hyperplasia - increase in # of cells What are the different types of cysts discussed in chapter 2? Radicular - around root, Resdidual - tooth is removed & all or part of a radicular cyst is left behind What is the difference between erosion, abrasion, abfraction and attrition? Erosion - acid (loss of tooth structure), Abrasion - toothbrushing (recession), Attrition - tooth wear (grinding), Abfraction - wedge shaped defect (cervical area: premolars) What are the differences and signs of chronic vs acute infection? Acute - injury is minimal and brief, Chronic - injury is long lasting What is actinic chelitis and where is it located? Sun exposure in fair-skinned individuals can result in degeneration of the tissue of the vermilion of the lips (lower lip more severely involved) What is a pulp polyp and what does it look like clinically? Excessive proliferation of chronically inflamed dental pulp tissue. It appears as a pink or red nodule of tissue that often fills the entire cavity in the tooth, with tissue protruding from the pulp chamber. What is a sialolith? What ways it can be located? A salivary gland stone formed by precipitation of calcium salts around a central core. Hard pea-sized nodule can be palpated in soft tissue. When on floor of mouth - can be seen radiographically. What lesions would clinically appear as a pigmented lesion? Amalgam tattoo, post inflammatory melanosis, oral melanotic macule, labial melanotic macule, smokers melanosis What causes a mucocele? Where is the most common location for a mucocele? Lesion that forms when a salivary duct is severed/ruptured and the mucous salivary gland secretion spills into the adjacent connective tissue (not true cyst). Most common on lower labial mucosa. Epulis fissuratum (denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia) is caused by: An ill-fitting full or partial denture and is generally located in the vestibule along the denture flange, most commonly in anterior maxilla or mandible. The peripheral giant cell granuloma occurs only on the: Gingiva or alveolar process, usually anterior to the molars. The directed movement of white blood cells to the area of injury is called? Chemotaxis What are the types of hypersensitivity? Give an example for each type hypersensitivity? Type I - anaphylactic (hay fever, asthma, anaphylaxis), Type II - cytotoxic (autoimmune hemolytic anemia), Type III - immune complex (autoimmune diseases: lupus), Type IV - cell-mediated, delayed (tuberculosis, organ transplant rejection) What is the most common precipitating factor in the development of aphthous ulcers? Trauma Minor Apthous Ulcer (most common) 1cm, 7-10 day duration, prodromal period: 1-2 days Major Apthous Ulcer larger than 1cm, several weeks duration, Bechet syndrome, HIV, Crohn's, reactive arthritis Herpetiform Apthous Ulcer (least common) 1-2mm, resemble herpes simplex virus, painful What systemic disease is associated with aphthous ulcers? GI disease, arthritis, skin lesions, Bechet syndrome Describe lichen planus. Where is it located, term used to describe the oral mucosal lesions. A benign, chronic disease affecting the skin and oral mucosa (lace-like pattern - wickham striae) What is Reiter syndrome (Reactive Arthritis)? What is the appearance of the lesions associated with Reiter syndrome? Chronic disease that classically comprises the triad of - arthritis, urethritis and conjunctivitis. Apthous-like ulcers, erythematous lesion, mimics erythema migrans. Sjögren syndrome is a(n): What are some symptoms of Sjogren syndrome? Chronic, systemic, autoimmune disease that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands resulting in a decrease in saliva and tears. Xerostomia, dry/cracked lips (angular chelitis), enlarged parotid gland. Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is made on the basis of: The classic multi-organ involvement and the presence of circulating antinuclear antibodies in serum. The most common oral site for cicatricial pemphigoid is the: Limited to the gingiva. Pemphigus vulgaris differs histologically from cicatricial pemphigoid in that pemphigus vulgaris involves: Degeneration of the basal cells of the epithelium What is Erythema multiform? Describe the lesions. An acute, self-limited disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. TARGET/BULL'S-EYE. Oral lesions are usually ulcers - lateral borders of the tongue Explain the difference in how the immune response differs from the inflammatory response. Has the capacity for memory and responds more quickly to a foreign substance if encountered again. The three main types of lymphocytes active during an immune response are? B-Cells, T-Cells, & Natural Killer Cell An example of an immunopathologic condition in which one's own body cells are no longer tolerated is: Autoimmune disease What is a protein molecule that is produced by plasma cells and is also called an immunoglobulin? Antibody What skin lesions are referred to as target, iris, or bull's eye lesions? Where are they most painful? Erythema multiform - most common on lateral borders of tongue The diagnosis of lichen planus is made on the basis of: Both the distinctive clinical features and the microscopic appearance of the tissue obtained through scalpel biopsy The most common oral manifestation of Sjögren syndrome is: Xerostomia What is angioedema? What are the causes and symptoms? Skin and oral mucosal hypersensitivity reactions. Appears as a diffuse edema (swelling) of tissue caused by permeability of deeper blood vessels. Infections transmitted by the fecal-oral route are common in: Coxsackievirus Histoplasmosis most commonly occurs in: Midwestern US Epstein-Barr virus and human papilloma virus are examples of: Viral infections Venereal infections are typically spread through: Direct contact, blood, sex, active lesion, mother-fetus The objective of immunization is: To induce active immunity Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is