ACSM STUDY GUIDE (NEWEST 2022/2023)
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
BIOMECHANICS - principles of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the human body
PROXIMAL - CLOSER TO THE TRUNK
DISTAL - further from the trunk
SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) - above, toward the head
INFERIOR (CAUDAL) - lower than, toward the feet
ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) - toward the front
POSTERIOR (DORSAL) - toward the back
MEDIAL - closer to the midline
LATERAL - further from the midline
THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES - sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane
SAGITTAL PLANE - makes a division into right and left portions
,FRONTAL PLANE - makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
TRANSVERSE PLANE - makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
ROTATION - movement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the midline
CIRCUMDUCTION - a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
EVERSION - turning the sole of the foot away from the midline
INVERSION - turning the sole of the foot toward the midline
Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum... - AXIAL SKELETON
VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE) - serves as the main axial support for the body
4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column - cervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve,
sacral curve
KYPHOSIS "primary curves" - curves of the thoracic and sacral regions
LORDOSIS "secondary curves" - curves of the cervical and lumbar region
Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane - hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis
HYPERKYPHOSIS - exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature
, HYPERLORDOSIS - exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature
Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane - scoliosis
STERNUM - midline of the chest
What are the 3 parts of the sternum? - manubrium, body, xiphoid process
RF for family history - myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death to a 1st
degree family member when >55 male, >65 female
RF for cigarette smoking - within 6 months
Risk factor for Dyslipidemia LDL - Lgreater than 130 mg/dL
RF Dyslipidemia Total Cholesterol - greater than 200 mg/dL
RF Dyslipidemia low HDL - less than 40 mg/dL
RF Sedentary minutes of activity, days of week, past # of months - less than 30 min/day, 3
days/week, for at least 3 months
RF Prediabetes fasting blood glucose - greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL up to 126
greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL - Fasting Blood Glucose for Diabetes diagnosis
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
BIOMECHANICS - principles of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the human body
PROXIMAL - CLOSER TO THE TRUNK
DISTAL - further from the trunk
SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) - above, toward the head
INFERIOR (CAUDAL) - lower than, toward the feet
ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) - toward the front
POSTERIOR (DORSAL) - toward the back
MEDIAL - closer to the midline
LATERAL - further from the midline
THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES - sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane
SAGITTAL PLANE - makes a division into right and left portions
,FRONTAL PLANE - makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
TRANSVERSE PLANE - makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
ROTATION - movement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the midline
CIRCUMDUCTION - a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
EVERSION - turning the sole of the foot away from the midline
INVERSION - turning the sole of the foot toward the midline
Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum... - AXIAL SKELETON
VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE) - serves as the main axial support for the body
4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column - cervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve,
sacral curve
KYPHOSIS "primary curves" - curves of the thoracic and sacral regions
LORDOSIS "secondary curves" - curves of the cervical and lumbar region
Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane - hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis
HYPERKYPHOSIS - exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature
, HYPERLORDOSIS - exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature
Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane - scoliosis
STERNUM - midline of the chest
What are the 3 parts of the sternum? - manubrium, body, xiphoid process
RF for family history - myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death to a 1st
degree family member when >55 male, >65 female
RF for cigarette smoking - within 6 months
Risk factor for Dyslipidemia LDL - Lgreater than 130 mg/dL
RF Dyslipidemia Total Cholesterol - greater than 200 mg/dL
RF Dyslipidemia low HDL - less than 40 mg/dL
RF Sedentary minutes of activity, days of week, past # of months - less than 30 min/day, 3
days/week, for at least 3 months
RF Prediabetes fasting blood glucose - greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL up to 126
greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL - Fasting Blood Glucose for Diabetes diagnosis
