MCAT - Biology (MCAT)| 220 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Steroid hormones Correct Answer: Vitamin D, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, cortisol (stress) Eicosanoids and terpenes Correct Answer: Vitamin A, iinvolves in paracrine signaling Glycerol from Triacylglycerols Correct Answer: Can be used to make sugar when broken down Waxes Correct Answer: Contain ester; For protection and prevention of water dehyration. Hydrolysis Correct Answer: Add water, to break a bond Dehyration/Condensation Correct Answer: Remove water, to form a bond, make polymer Structure of lipoprotein Correct Answer: Hydrophobic core: triglyceride and cholesterol Hydrophilic exterior: Apoprotein and phospholipids What is a chylomicron? Correct Answer: A HUGE in size lipoprotein, high lipid to protein ratio. Dietary intake of fat ---> to small intestine --> Lymph ---> Blood --> Either, to the liver or cells. What are the kinds of lipoproteins? Correct Answer: From largest to smallest size, high to low lipid-to-protein ratio: Chylomicron --> VLDL ---> LDL ---> HDL How many amino acids are essential? Correct Answer: 9, must be obtained through diet. What are the fat soluble vitamins? Correct Answer: A, D, E, K or "DRAKE" Net charge of amino acid in acidic or basic environment? Correct Answer: Acidic: positive charge As pH increases, carboxylic acid gets deprotonated first. Basic: negative charge Amino acid, Ile vs Leu Correct Answer: Leu (L): V shape Isoleucine (I): L shape Acidic Amino acids? Correct Answer: "ED - SHEERAN" Carboxylic acid D: Aspartic acid (Asp) E: Glutamic acid (Glu) Basic amino acid? Correct Answer: R-HK - "Rule Hong Kong" Amine group