AP World History Modern Exam 2021 questions and answers

Who was Justinian Emperor of the Byzantine Empire What did Justinian do organized law code, regained roman roads, smuggled silk Who created the Cyrillic alphabet and why St. Cyril and St. Methodius made this text so that they could translate Greek religious text to Slavic What was Justinian's plague Bubonic Plague (Yersinia Pestis) The fourth Crusade lead to the decline of what in the Byzantine Empire Sack of Constantinople The role of the Pope in Medieval Europe was to To decide matters of spiritual importance and official doctrines of the church Christendom The Church's sphere of power and authority, both politically and spiritually, during the Middle Ages Feudalism in Europe Political system in which land is exchanged for protection. 1. King (no real power; only figurehead) 2. Lords (receive a fief from the king) 3. Vassals (lesser lords) 4. Knights (warrior class) 5. Serfs (provided free labor) Manorialism Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land Picture of social Pyramid Yes Black Death/Bubonic Plague plague spread by fleas on rats from Asia; killed every 1 in 3 people Europe: Black Death kill count 25 million people Effects of Black Death on Europe -Population of Europe declined by 25-30%; migration to countryside, entire villages disappear -Pessimistic attitudes toward death, the value of life, and of one's self -Growth of class conflict => serfs/peasants demand greater wages because of lower labor force; wealthy attempted to set wage limits because rise of inflation, led to revolts Great Schism The seperation of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church (1054 CE) Hundred Year War A series of wars fought by France and England between 1337 and 1453 Joan of Arc French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king Japan's Knights Samurai Japan's Lords Daimyo Japanese Samurai follow the code of bushido Muhammad Founder of Islam Five pillars of Islam Declaration of faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage The holy book of Muslims is called Quran Major sets of Islam Sunni, Shia Judaism, Christianity, Islam all have what in common monotheistic religions, one god Judaism, Christianity, Islam different by what means Judaism - laws and following them. Christianity - love and acceptance. Islam - calls god ¨Allah¨ Crusades wars over control of the Holy Land Crusades Purpose They wanted to recapture the recently seized Holy Land (Palestine) by the Turks and of freeing it from Muslim rule What caused the Crusades Christian pilgrims were being killed when they visited the Holy Lands by Muslims Three effects of the Crusades Gave Christians a military power, showed others they were not to be trifeled with., the gain of crops, land and taxes The three major West African empires Ghana Empire, Mali Empire, and Songhai empire Trans-Saharan Trade Major trade route that traded for gold, pepper and salt. Swahili city-states; Location East coast of Africa Main trade route of Swahili city- states Red Sea to Egypt Great Zimbabwe was a capital city built of stone Maya Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. Maya Contributions Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. Aztecs () 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshiped many gods (polytheistic). Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor. Chinampas Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields. Aztex practiced massive human sacrifice because Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. (Human Sacrifice) Incas a member of a South American Indian people living in the central Andes before the Spanish conquest. Incas lived in Peru, South America Incas are known for their great ability of Engineering Leonardo da Vinci was a renaissance Man because He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist