BIOD 151 Module 5 Problem Set Questions and Answers

BIOD 151 Module 5 Problem Set Questions and Answers BIOD 151 Module 5 Problem Set Questions and Answers BIOD 151 Module 5 Problem Set Questions and Answers BIOD 151 Module 5 Problem Set Questions and Answers Module 5: Problem Set  Due Question 1 0 / 0 pts Anatomy of the Muscular system: Introduction & Muscles of the Head, Neck and Trunk 1. Name the three types of muscle tissue found in the body: 2. What does it mean that skeletal muscles are under conscious control? 3. What is included in the central nervous system? 4. Describe a motor action vs. sensory input in terms of the nervous system. 5. True or false: The brachial plexus supplies nerves to the lower extremities. 6. Describe the difference between tendons and ligaments. 7. Describe the origin and insertion of attachment to bones. 8. Describe muscle action and innervation. Your Answer: 1- cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. 2- Skeletal muscle, attached to bones, is responsible for skeletal movements. The peripheral portion of the central nervous system (CNS) controls the skeletal muscles. Thus, these muscles are under conscious, or voluntary, control. The basic unit is the muscle fiber with many nuclei. 3- It consists of two parts: the brain and the spinal cord. 4- The nervous system is involved in receiving information about the environment around us (sensation) and generating responses to that information (motor responses). The nervous system can be divided into regions that are responsible for sensation (sensory functions) and for the response (motor functions).5- True 6-Tendons may also attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball. A tendon serves to move the bone or structure. A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable. 7-The origin is the fixed point that doesn't move during contraction, while the insertion does move. Your bones are the levers and your muscles are the pulley 8- When nerves go into muscle fiber, they innervate the muscle fiber. Innervate is to supply nerves to something, but it can also mean to energize. The origin is the fixed attachment, while the insertion moves with contraction. The action, or particular movement of a muscle, can be described relative to the joint or the body part moved 1. Cardiac, skeletal and smooth 2. Skeletal muscles are under conscious control, meaning that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action. 3. Brain and spinal cord 4. Messages from the central nervous system to a muscle are called a motor actions. Nerves also carry information from the external environment to the central nervous system, called sensation or sensory input. 5. False 6. Tendons are connective tissues that connect skeletal muscle to bone at each end. Ligaments are connective tissue that connects bone to bone, helping to stabilize joints where bones meet. 7. The origin is the bony site of attachment which is stationary during the movement. The insertion of a muscle is the bony site of attachment that is moved by the muscle contraction. 8. The action of the muscle is what effect is produced by the muscle’s contraction. The innervation is the peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with the message from the brain. Question 2 0 / 0 pts 9. Make a chart for the origin, insertion, action and innervation for the following muscles: *Note: All muscles listed in the module will need to be memorized for the exam. This is not an exhaustive list. Making a chart to organize the information is a helpful way to study the muscles. You may want to make a full chart on your own to study and review for the exam. Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Other notes: (Optional)Orbicularis oculi Buccinator Temporalis Sternocleidomastoid Longissimus thoracis Spinalis Rectus abdominis Transverse abdominis Diaphragm Your Answer: Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Other notes: (Optional) Orbicularis oculi N/A N/A Eye closure Facial Nerve Buccinator N/A N/A compress cheeks Facial Nerve Temporalis N/A N/A Elevates mandible, closes jaw trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch) Sternocleidomastoid sternal end of clavicle and manubrium mastoid region of skull Bilateral: neck flexion Unilateral: turns face to opposite side accessory nerve (CN XI) Longissimus thoracis transverse process of all thoracic and lumbar vertebrae transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae Bilateral extension of spine Unilaterally: lateral flexion of spine thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves Spinalis N/A N/A N/A N/A Rectus abdominis pubic crest, pubic symphysis pubis, cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid flexion of spine, compression of abdominal viscera spinal nerves (T 7-T 12process Transverse abdominis lateral inguinal ligament, inner iliac crest linea alba, pubis compression of abdomen first lumbar nerve (T 7- L1), iliohypogastric (T12-L1), ilioinguinal (T12-L1) Diaphragm cartilage of ribs 7- 12, xiphoid process, lumbar vertebrae anterior longitudinal ligament (vertebral column) expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominal cavity phrenic nerve (C3-5)Question 3 0 / 0 pts 10. Label the following muscles of facial expression: A: C: F: H:11. Your patient has damage to bilateral facial nerves (CN VII). Name at least three muscles that would be impaired. Anatomy of the Muscular system: Part II 12. Label the following muscles (posterior view): A: C: D:13. Your patient is having difficulty with scapular retraction. Name two muscles that are most likely involved in this limitation. 14. Your patient injured her ankle while playing soccer. She sustained injuries to the tendons of peroneus longus and peroneus brevis. What actions would be impaired due to his injury? Your Answer: 11. A:Frontalis C:Orbicularis Oculi F:Zygomaticus Minor H: Risorius 12A: Trapezius C: Serratus Posterior D: Rhomboids, Minor 13. Trapezius, rhomboids (minor/major) 14. Plantarflexion and eversion of foot 10.) A: Frontalis C: Orbicularis Oculi F: Zygomaticus Minor H: Risorius 11.) Could include any three: Orbicularis oculi, Orbicularis oris, Zygomaticus major/minor, Risorius, Frontalis, Buccinator Anatomy of the Muscular system: Part II 12.) A: Trapezius C: Serratus posterior D: Rhomboids, minor 13.) Trapezius, rhomboids (minor/major) 14.) Plantarflexion and eversion of foot Question 4 0 / 0 pts 15. Make a chart for the origin, insertion, action and innervation for the following muscles: *Note: All muscles listed in the module will need to be memorized for the exam. This is not an exhaustive list. Making a chart to organize the information is a helpful way to study the muscles. You may want to make a full chart on your own to study and review for the exam. Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Other notes: (Optional) Trapezius Pectoralis minor Pectoralis majorSupraspinatus Teres Major Subscapularis Brachialis Supinator Flexor carpi radialis Flexor pollicis longus Extensor digitorum Abductor pollicis longus Iliacus Gluteus medius Piriformis Biceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Sartorius Extensor hallucis longus Tibialis Anterior Your Answer: muscle origin insertion action innervation other notes: Trapezius Occipital bone, spinous process of T1-12 Lateral clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine of scapula Rotation, retraction, elevation, depression of scapula; extends Innervation: Accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve 11)neck; stabilizes shoulder Pectoralis minor Ribs, 3-5 Coracoid process of scapula Elevates ribs, draws scapula down and medially Medial pectoral nerve Pectoralis major Ribs 2-6, body of sternum Greater tubercle of humerus Flexion, adduction and medial rotationat shoulder Pectoral Nerves Supraspinatus Supraspinatus fossa of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus Abduction at the shoulder Suprascapular nerve Teres Major Inferior angle of scapula Intertubercular groove of humerus Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder Lower subscapular nerve Subscapularis Subscapular fossaof scapula Lesser tubercle of humerus Medial rotation at the shoulder Subscapular nerves Brachialis Anterior/distal surface of humerus Tuberosity of ulna Flexion at elbow Musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve Supinator Lateral epicondyle of humerus Anterolateral surface of radius Supination Deep radial nerve Flexor carpi radialis No listed No listed Wrist flexion, radialdeviation of the hand Median nerve Flexor pollicis longus No listed No listed Flexion of thumb Median nerveExtensor digitorum No listed No listed Wrist extension, extension of digits 2-5 Deep radial nerve Abductor pollicis longus No listed No listed Abduction of wrist and thumb Deep Radial nerve Iliacus Iliac fossa of ilium Lesser trochanter of femur Hip flexion Femoral nerve Gluteus medius Gluteal surface of the ilium Greater trochanterof the femur Abducts thigh, stabilizes the hip joint Superior gluteal nerve Piriformis No listed No listed Lateral rotation, adduction, extension of hip joint Spinal nerves L5- S2 Biceps Femoris Long head, ischial tuberosity; short head, linea aspera of femur, lateral surface Head of the fibula, lateral surface knee flexion, hip extension Long head - tibial nerve; Short head - common fibular nerve Vastus Medialis intertrochanteric line of femur patella via quadriceps tendon; tibial tuberosity knee extension femoral nerve Sartorius ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) superior shaft of tibia flexion, abduction, external rotation; Knee: flexion, internal rotation femoral nerve Extensor hallucis anterior surface of fibula dorsal surface of digit 1 (great extension of digit 1, deep peroneallongus toe) dorsiflexion of foot nerve Tibialis Anterior lateral condyle of tibia base of metatarsal 1, medial cuneiform dorsiflexion, inversion of foot deep peroneal nerveQuestion 5 0 / 0 pts 16. Review all figures and diagrams in Parts I and II. The locations of all the muscles must be memorized for the exam. Physiology of the Muscular system: 17. What types of muscle tissue are under involuntary control? 18. Under the microscope, what types of muscle appear to be striated or striped in appearance? 19. What is the difference between tendons and ligaments? 20. True or false: Muscle can only push, not pull. 21. What muscle would be in an antagonistic pair with the tibialis anterior? 22. True or false: Myosin is known as the thin filament. 23. True or false: One sarcomere is from one Z line to one Z line. 24. When a muscle contraction occurs, what lines move closer together towards the center of the sarcomere (M line)? 25. What is the name of the junction where a motor neuron meets with a muscle? 26. Acetylcholine released from the motor neuron triggers the influx of which ion? 27. In response to the action potential in the sarcolemma, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases which ion? 28. What needs to happen for muscle relaxation to occur?29. Review all figures in module 5. All muscles listed in bold must be memorized for the exam (location, action, innervation, origin and insertion- if listed) Your Answer: 16- checked 17-Cardiac muscle cells and Smooth muscle fibers. 18- Skeletal muscle 19- Ligaments and tendons are both made of connective tissue and both can be torn or overstretched, but they differ in function. Ligaments attach one bone to another. Tendons attach a muscle to a bone. Tendons are strong and non-flexible, whereas ligaments are flexible and elastic. 20- False. 21- Gastrocnemius. 22- False. 23- True. 24- Z line. 25. Neuromuscular junction 26. Sodium 27. Calcium 28. calcium ions needs to return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and than It can relaxation of the muscle occurs 29- Checked 16. See figures in module. Study the locations of all the muscles (listed in bold) in Part I and Part II. Physiology of the Muscular system: 17. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are under involuntary control. 18. Under the microscope, skeletal and cardiac muscle appear to be striated or striped in appearance. 19. Tendons connect muscle to bone, while ligaments connect bone tissue to bone. 20. False- muscles can only pull, not push. 21. Gastrocnemius 22. False 23. True 24. Z lines25. Neuromuscular junction 26. Sodium 27. Calcium 28. Once the calcium ions return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, relaxation of the muscle occurs. 29. See figures in module. All muscles listed in bold must be memorized for the exam (location, action, innervation, origin and insertion if listed) Quiz Score: 0 out of 0