US History I Challenge 2

US History I Challenge 2 “Happy Columbus Day,” said Sally to her husband, Frank. “Your history-loving wife has a new documentary for us to watch tonight.” “Let me guess — something about Christopher Columbus?” “Actually, it starts pre-Columbus. It looks really interesting. The clip I watched was about the reasons the Spanish and the Portuguese began to move around Europe.” “All right, dear. I think we have a bottle of Spanish wine somewhere. I’ll find it.” Choose the false statement about motivations for maritime exploration by the Spanish and the Portuguese. ● Columbus believed he could reach India by sailing west, which would vastly expand trade markets for Spain. ● Spain wanted to expand Catholicism and to acquire a commercial and nautical advantage over Portugal. ● After defeating the Muslims and regaining control of Spain, the monarchy turned its attention to the seas. ● The expected wealth from Columbus’s successful voyage would be used to support an invasion of Portugal. ● Portugal established posts in China and Japan, which gave it almost unrivaled control over nautical trade routes. ● Spanish monarchs knew the Portuguese had reached the southern tip of Africa and would soon reach Asia. “I don’t know about you, but I learned a lot,” said Sally after the documentary ended. “I’d never thought about the consequences of being relatively isolated to suddenly being more connected to other groups and nations. It’s almost like the Old World and the New World crashed into each other.” “It’s similar to the Internet, don’t you think?” her husband asked. “Slower, maybe, but you know what I mean.” “Sure. They even called it globalization in the film.” Categorize the statements as reflecting "globalization," "colonization," or "commodification." = Correct Answer = Incorrect Answer globalization colonization commodificatio n This process increased the interconnectedn ess of the world. ● Promoters of this claimed the Americas held a wealth of treasures ready for the taking. ● This transformed New World resources into products that could be bought and sold. ● “Oh, and the part about the Columbian Exchange,” said Frank “With Europeans crossing the Atlantic and all those things going back and forth, so many lives and landscapes changed on both sides of the ocean. That was fascinating, wasn’t it?” Sally nodded in agreement. Choose two statements that do NOT reflect an impact of the Columbian Exchange for Europe and the New World. “I’ve been doing some research,” said Sally casually, a couple of days later. “Oh yeah? What’s caught your interest this time?” “It was that documentary we watched the other night, the one about Christopher Columbus, remember?” At Frank’s nod, Sally went on. “I hadn’t known how the Spanish treated native tribes they encountered in the New World, so I thought I’d look into it some more.” “Find anything interesting?” “Boy, did I.” Choose the false statement about Spanish colonization in the New World. “And the French too,” Sally added. “They weren’t much better.” “Don’t you have some French blood, darling?” “You know I do.” Sally stood abruptly and disappeared into the bedroom. She returned with a box Frank knew her mother had left her. “Mom started to research our ancestry years ago, and I remember she had a document . . . here it is!” Frank peered at the document, written in a faded hand. “It’s a letter supposedly written by one of our ancestors,” Sally squinted, “in 1611!” With all these vices, they are exceedingly vainglorious: they think they are better, more valiant and more ingenious than the French; and, what is difficult to believe, richer than we are. They consider themselves, I say, braver than we are, boasting that they have killed Basques and Malouins, and that they do a great deal of harm to the ships, and that no one has ever resented it, insinuating that it was from a lack of courage. According to this excerpt, how did Native Americans view the French? “This is so interesting,” Sally murmured. “We rarely consider U.S. history from the perspectives of the first settlers. There were tens of thousands of native peoples living in the Americas when explorers from Spain and France – oh and England – first arrived.” “Maybe I’ll write an article,” she mused. “I’ll have to do some research to get the context right. Like, what was going on in the rest of the world when these explorations were first taking place?” “Religion was big, I think,” her husband answered. “Maybe start with the Reformation.” Sally googled “Protestant Reformation in England” and began to read. Choose "true" if the statement reveals an effect of the Protestant Reformation and choose "false" if it does not. = Correct Answer = Incorrect Answer true false Puritans set their sights on North America as a way to practice a more pure form of Christianity ● The colony of Roanoke was established for Catholic Spain in order to ● launch raids on English ships Religious turmoil in Europe delayed England's attempts to build an ● empire in the Americas. “I’m learning a lot about the Catholic Church and some of its critics,” Sally told her husband later that evening. “What happened to the French and the Spanish in the New World?" Frank teased. “It’s all tied together, Frank,” Sally explained. “These religious upheavals affected what was happening in the New World.” “So, who was criticizing the church and why?” Match each individual to the statement that exemplifies his criticism of the Catholic Church in the 1500s. Martin Luther B Henry VIII D John Calvin C ● A. "The Catholic Church has ceded too much power to Europe's monarchs." ● B. “I object to the delivery of Mass in Latin because most don’t understand the language.” ● C. “Reading scripture prepares men to receive God’s grace if they are among the elect.” ● D. “I name myself to head the new Church of England, or the Anglican church.” “How’s progress, honey?” asked Frank a few hours later. “Well, I’m back in the New World again,” she answered. “I’m reading more about the interactions between the New and Old Worlds. Specifically, I’m looking at how Europeans and Native Americans interacted.” Initial interactions between the Europeans and Native peoples altered Native Americans’ lives in all of the following ways EXCEPT . Sally closed her laptop with a sigh. “The beginning of the United States is not a very pretty picture,” she said. “The Spanish again?” Frank asked sympathetically. “All of them – the Spanish, the French, the English - they all had their reasons and justifications for colonizing in the Americas,” Sally responded. “Did different nations want different things?” Frank asked. Label the characteristics as indicative of the first English, French, or Spanish contacts in the New World. = Correct Answer = Incorrect Answer Spanish English French They exhibited marked hostility and violence toward native populations. ● Jesuit missionaries lived alongside and among Native Americans. ● They were preoccupied with religious tensions and other rivalries in Europe. ● “What I need are some primary sources,” decided Sally, opening her laptop again. “I want to read their first-person rationales.” “Whose first-person rationales?” “The rich English guy, the French explorer, the Spanish conquistador — I mean, what were they thinking?” Match the individual with the statement he would have likely provided to justify colonization of North America. D English entrepreneur in Virginia A French explorer in Canada B Spanish conquistador A. “We make no threat of violence or subjugation; we only wish to negotiate on equal terms.” B. “Our Catholic faith impels us to assert our dominance and control over this New World.” C. "We are here to learn your ways and share them with Europe.” D. “There is an amazing variety of New World commodities that can be available in our marketplace.” “Have you started writing the article yet?” Frank asked a few days later. “Not yet,” said Sally a little sheepishly. "I got sidetracked again, but I think as soon as I understand the economics of the Old World and the New World coming together, I can start drafting.” The economic exchanges in which slaves and imported goods were moved between continents was known as the (A) triangular trade . These exchanges in slaves and commodities, along with the cultural and intellectual relationships that they created, contributed to the (B) Atlantic world . Sally clicked a link to view a map depicting trade among Africa, Europe, and the Americas in the late 17th and early 18th century. “Look at this, Frank! Commodities, such as raw materials and slaves, were moved around the Atlantic in an organized trade system,” she said as she traced the flow of commodities on the map. Sequence the events as they occurred within this trade system. 1. a. The British exchange their goods for Africans who have been kidnapped or sold into slavery. 2. b. Ships loaded with slaves head for the Americas, where they are sold as a labor force. 3. c. The ship takes on raw materials and returns to Great Britain. ● a. The British exchange their goods for Africans who have been kidnapped or sold into slavery. ● b. Ships loaded with slaves head for the Americas, where they are sold as a labor force. ● c. The ship takes on raw materials and returns to Great Britain. “Do you know how slavery became racialized?” Sally called indignantly from the den as Frank turned off lights and locked the doors. “It was a very different thing before Christopher Columbus.” “So there was a pre-1492 and a post-1492 view of slavery in the world?” he called. “Exactly!" she said. Frank heard her computer keys clacking. “The ‘European Age of Exploration’ shifted the very concept of slavery, and the New World saw its results.” Frank sat beside his wife on the couch. “You’re getting a little obsessed," he said gently. Sally rested her head on his shoulder. "I know. I always do. Let’s go to bed.” Though slavery had a long history in the Old World, a new form of human bondage emerged in the New World. Choose the FALSE statement about slavery in the Old World before the rise of racial slavery in the Americas. Select the two statements that are true about the historian's practice and the "Age of Exploration."