ATI Pharmacology Review Questions and Answers Already Passed

ATI Pharmacology Review Questions and Answers Already Passed Antihypertensives These drugs affect both the blood pressure and the rhythm of the heart. Monitor patient blood pressure. *Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect*. 1) Betablockers 2) Alpha 1 Blockers 3) Calcium Channel blockers 4) ACE Inhibitors 5) ARB Inhibitors 6) Diuretics Betablockers Usually end in *-olol*. Propranolol (Inderal) Atenolol (Tenormin) Metoprolol (Lopressor) What additional effects of betablockers should the nurse monitor? The nurse should monitor for broncho constriction and bronchospasms due to beta-2 adrenergic blocking mechanisms. In what population should betablockers be used cautiously in? Betablockers should be used cautiously in patients who suffer from asthma. Beta blockers can mask tachycardia in patients suffering from *hypovolemia* and hypoglycemic symptoms seen in diabetic patients. What affects do betablockers cause? Therapeutic effects include decreasing blood pressure and heart rate. Alpha 1 blocker Clonidine (Catapres) What affects do alpha 1 blockers cause? They cause systemic vasodilation by directly acting on smooth muscle of arteries. What adverse effects can alpha 1 blockers cause? Hypotension, dizziness, sedation. In what form are alpha 1 blockers usually administered? Alpha 1 blockers are generally administered as a patch and are changed once a week. Calcium Channel Blockers Verapamil (Calan) Dilitiazem (Cardizem) Amlodipine (Norvasc) Nifedipine (Procardia) How do calcium channel blockers work? They block the influx of calcium into myocardium resulting in a decrease in contractility. It helps keep vasculature relaxed and decreases SA and AV node conduction. What is a common adverse effect caused by verapamil (Calan)? A common adverse effect is *constipation*. What should the nurse monitor in a patient receiving calcium channel blockers? The nurse should monitor for edema and hypotension. ACE Inhibitors Usually end in *-pril*. Enalapril (Vasotec) Lisinopril (Zestril) Captopril (Capoten) How do ACE-Is work? They block angiotensin converting enzymes in the renin-angiotensin loop resulting in decreased blood pressure which decreases workload on the heart. What are adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors? Adverse effects include hypotension, *dry cough*, and *angioedema*. What should the nurse monitor for in patients receiving ACE Inhibitors? The nurse should monitor the patient's renal function. Angioedema A hypersensitivity reaction of the dermis, mucosa, and submucosa tissues resulting in life threatening airway obstruction. Epinephrine is treatment of choice. ARB Inhibitor Usually end in *-artan*. Losartan (Cozaar) Valsartan (Diovan) Irbesartan (Avapro) How do ARB Inhibitors work? These work by blocking angiotensin II receptors in the angiotensin loop. What should the nurse monitor in a patient receiving ARB Inhibitors? The nurse should monitor *potassium levels* and renal function. What adverse effect may occur from ARB Inhibitors? Angioedema can occur. Diuretics These are used for both antihypertensive effects and to control edema. What should the nurse monitor in a patient re