ABAT EXAM 2022/2023 Questions and Answers

Desired Results Developmental Profile (DRDP) - ANSWER -Observation tool for teachers to record individual progress toward the achievement of four desired results... *Socially & personally competent *Effective Learners *show physical & motor Competence *safe & healthy Desired results for Families (DRDP) - ANSWER *families support their child's learning and development *families achieve their own goals Skills streaming - ANSWER -A social skills training method introduced by Dr. Arnold P. Goldstein in 1973 -4 part training approach *modeling *role-playing *performance feedback *Generalization Errorless learning - ANSWER -Therapy strategy that ensures children always respond correctly -As each skill is taught, children are provided with a prompt or cue immediately following an instruction Serial Thinking - ANSWER -Theory that individuals with autism cannot process more than one piece of information at a time. -Give clients one instruction at a time to help support the client Transitions in TEACCH - ANSWER -Students are typically provided with transition objects when moving from one center to another -place object or card in a receiving box or envelope Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) as part of IDEA - ANSWER -students must spend as much time as possible mainstreaming in general education Founding figures in ABA - ANSWER -Pavlov: respondent conditioning -thorndike: Law of Effect -Watson: Father of Behaviorism -Skinner: Most associated with Behaviorism Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) - ANSWER -derives some principles from ABA *reinforcement or operant conditioning *more naturalistic than DTT Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) - ANSWER -Typically have NORMAL hearing but STRUGGLE to PROCESS and make MEANING of sound *ASD= problems w/ understanding the sounds of language *APD= problems w/ the meaning of whats being said Person-centered planning - ANSWER -AKA "personal futures planning" *dream/goal driven *informal environment *voluntary involvement of individuals *client is central figure in exploring their own dream Episodic Severity - ANSWER -Help us track progress or changes in problem behaviors *intense behavior can impact others even if it happens once a month Interobserver Agreement (IOA) - ANSWER -procedure for enhancing the believability of data -Compares independent observations from two or more people of the same event Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) - ANSWER -Systematic process of gathering information about the functions a problem behavior serves for an individual. -Helps determine relationship between goals and objectives with the behavior intervention plan IEP Goals and Objectives - ANSWER -one annual goal *3 objectives **objectives are smaller benchmarks that the client will meet throughout the year (2-3 typically but the standard is 3) Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and DTT - ANSWER -break skills down into smaller steps -teach single, discrete, specific behaviors *once specific behaviors are mastered, we chain or shape to get more complex behaviors Joint attention - ANSWER -sharing attention between another person and an object IDEA - ANSWER ASD was added in 1990 Rate of Autism - ANSWER -Old rate= 1 in 68 -New rate= 1 in 59 Perseveration - ANSWER Behavior that is repetitive in nature Replacement Behavior - ANSWER -the behavior adults teach a child to use instead of the challenging behavior -REPLACE the targeted problem behavior. -This Behavior MATCHES the function of the problem behavior Alternate behavior - ANSWER -an appropriate behavior that can be used INSTEAD of the targeted problem Behavior, BUT it does NOT serve the same function Two Main types of Behavior - ANSWER -respondent and Operant Five disorders that previously made up what is now ASD in the DSM - ANSWER -Autistic disorder -Asperger's syndrome -Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) -Childhood Dis-integrative Disorder -Rett Syndrome four pivotal behaviors - ANSWER -motivation -response to multiple cues -self management -social initiation Date the DSM-V was effective - ANSWER 1/1/2014 Groups of people who should be developed as resources and groups that should not - ANSWER -family, family friends, community, relatives -NOT= individuals from public agencies (cops, teachers, firefighters) Previous diagnosis's that were given to ASD before - ANSWER -schizophrenia, mentally retarded (now intellectually disabled), and emotionally disturbed. Main difference between Autism and Asperger's - ANSWER -Asperger's= an avg IQ -ASD= below AVG IQ ASD was added to IDEA when - ANSWER -1990 Duty to warn/protect - ANSWER -WARN= client makes threats towards another person and client has both the means and intent to carry out threat; must warn intended victim -PROTECT= client presents a serious danger to himself or others; steps must be taken to protect intended victim. (involves informing local police dept) Possible causes of ASD - ANSWER -no KNOWN, SINGLE cause of ASD -Genetics & environment *causes include= genetic disorder that results in hormonal imbalances, metabolic disorders, etc. Abnormalities in brain structure. Exposure to high levels of testosterone, viral infections, chemicals, etc. *risk factors include= -older father, history of ASD in family, mother had viral infection or diabetes during gestation, exposure to teratogens. two types of reinforcers - ANSWER -Primary= innate, unconditioned, or unlearned. Born knowing that these things are good. (water, sleep, temperature) [Pavlov] -Secondary= conditioned or learned. learn through pairing. (toys, tokens, money) [Skinner] 3 term contingency - ANSWER -ABC: antecedent, behavior, consequence *A->B<-C classical conditioning - ANSWER -Pavlovian *CS-no response-US- Reflex *CS+US -> reflex/respondent Bx *Antecedent/trigger --> Conditioned response Functions of behavior - ANSWER -Attention/Social: engages in the behavior to get attention from others -Access/tangible/targeting: engages in behavior to gain access to preferred items and activities -escape/avoidance: engages in behavior to escape an activity or avoid its future occurrence -automatic/play/control: engages in a behavior because of the sensory consequences are reinforcing (it just feels good)