Organizational change
Pre recorded level
Chapter 1
Two central lines of reasoning (Senior et al.)
1. Contingency
a. It’s about the changing situation
b. ‘Diagnosing change situations’
2. Complexity
a. Doing change
Article 1: Senior et al
Change is influenced by:
1. Internal system
2. External environment
3. History
Internal system
Inputs (materials…) 🡪 the organization (people…) 🡪 outputs (products, goals…)
External environment
PESTLE analysis (the factors influence eachother)
- Political factors
- Economic factors
- Socio-cultural factors
- Technological factors
- Legal factors
- Ecological factors
Historical determinacy
- Determines change over time
o Starting position
o Change style and ability
▪ Ex. More bureaucratic less capable to change.
- Degrees of freedom restricted
o By societal and sectoral developments
o By own ‘focused intelligence’
▪ Link to the model of Grinder (organization matures)
Environment/markets:
Are you in rippling waters (predictable) of severe turbulence (unpredictable)?
Two issues concerning turbulence:
1. Predictability
2. Available time for change
, 5 levels of environmental turbulence
1. Predictable
a. Stability of markets
2. Forecastable by extrapolation
a. Complexity of the environment increases
3. Predictable threats and opportunities
a. The organization’s ability to respond becomes more problematic
4. Partially predictable opportunities
a. Addition of global and socio-political changes
5. Unpredictable surprises
a. Turbulence increased with unexpected events and situations occurring more
quickly than the organization can respond to
b. KLM: people need to get vaccinated, tested... they may not fly. It’s very
unpredictable for the airlines.
c. We could not predict, it just happened. And we had shortly much time to
prepare. It was an abrupt change.
Article 2: Ahlstrom et al. (2020)
‘New Normal’
They refurbished the ‘pestle model’ into 🡪 PEST framework (skip LE)
- Economic and demographic components
o Shocks in economic order after 2008 crisis
- Socio-Political components
o Disconnect between countries’ institutions and citizens; rise of populist
movements; legitimacy issues.
- Technological components
o Impact of digitalization
The new normal challenges the organization, governance and management of business.
Tendencies of both:
- Globalization and de-globalization
Pre recorded level
Chapter 1
Two central lines of reasoning (Senior et al.)
1. Contingency
a. It’s about the changing situation
b. ‘Diagnosing change situations’
2. Complexity
a. Doing change
Article 1: Senior et al
Change is influenced by:
1. Internal system
2. External environment
3. History
Internal system
Inputs (materials…) 🡪 the organization (people…) 🡪 outputs (products, goals…)
External environment
PESTLE analysis (the factors influence eachother)
- Political factors
- Economic factors
- Socio-cultural factors
- Technological factors
- Legal factors
- Ecological factors
Historical determinacy
- Determines change over time
o Starting position
o Change style and ability
▪ Ex. More bureaucratic less capable to change.
- Degrees of freedom restricted
o By societal and sectoral developments
o By own ‘focused intelligence’
▪ Link to the model of Grinder (organization matures)
Environment/markets:
Are you in rippling waters (predictable) of severe turbulence (unpredictable)?
Two issues concerning turbulence:
1. Predictability
2. Available time for change
, 5 levels of environmental turbulence
1. Predictable
a. Stability of markets
2. Forecastable by extrapolation
a. Complexity of the environment increases
3. Predictable threats and opportunities
a. The organization’s ability to respond becomes more problematic
4. Partially predictable opportunities
a. Addition of global and socio-political changes
5. Unpredictable surprises
a. Turbulence increased with unexpected events and situations occurring more
quickly than the organization can respond to
b. KLM: people need to get vaccinated, tested... they may not fly. It’s very
unpredictable for the airlines.
c. We could not predict, it just happened. And we had shortly much time to
prepare. It was an abrupt change.
Article 2: Ahlstrom et al. (2020)
‘New Normal’
They refurbished the ‘pestle model’ into 🡪 PEST framework (skip LE)
- Economic and demographic components
o Shocks in economic order after 2008 crisis
- Socio-Political components
o Disconnect between countries’ institutions and citizens; rise of populist
movements; legitimacy issues.
- Technological components
o Impact of digitalization
The new normal challenges the organization, governance and management of business.
Tendencies of both:
- Globalization and de-globalization
