Gezin en Samenleving
College 4
College 4 Gezin en Samenleving
Gezin en samenleving.
- Brus, A. (2013). Bammam & bamkids, hét bamboek. Persoonlijke verhalen van bewust
alleenstaande moeders en hun kinderen. Nijkerk: Uitgeverij van Brug. Voor deel 2 (tevens
voor casusopdracht 2):
Artikel Zartler (2014)
This study explored how normative understandings
based on the nuclear family ideology are
linked to constructions of single-parent families and
sheds light on the strategies single parents and their
children adopt in dealing with negative accounts.
Guided by social constructionist and configurational
approaches, the in-depth analysis is based on an
Austrian qualitative study, comprising interviews with
50 ten-year-old children and their 71 parents, living in
nuclear,
reconstituted, and single-parent families. The results
showed that single-parent families are constructed
predominantly in terms of deficits and disadvantages,
with the nuclear family serving as an ideological code
along the dimensions of normalcy, complementarity,
and stability. To deal with negative accounts, single
parents and their children use three basic types of
strategy: (a) imitation, (b) compensation, and (c)
delimitation.
Conclusie
In this study, I analyzed in detail the ways in which normative understandings based on the
nuclear family ideology are linked to attitudes toward single-parent families and to the
strategies single parents and their children adopt in dealing with moral accounts. On the basis
of interviews with children and parents, the nuclear family was shown to serve as an
ideological code (Smith, 1993), resulting in a hierarchization of family forms. On the basis of
the dimensions of normalcy, complementarity, and stability, nuclear families are perceived as
the most advantageous form of living together as a family and as being connected with
numerous benefits, the most prominent of which is the everyday presence of two parents.
Single-parent families seem to be particularly affected by the nuclear family ideology,
because they do not correspond to its structural specifications. They are constructed
predominantly in terms of deficits and disadvantages, associated with moral undertones.
These traditional notions of what a family is and should be clearly shape the strategies
adopted by single parents and their children, which can be summarized as attempts to imitate
nuclear family structures (imitation), compensate for deficits ascribed to single-parent
families (compensation), or draw boundaries between their family and two-parent families
(delimitation). The interviewed children focused on strategies of imitation and delimitation
and adopted only one variety of strategies of compensation (i.e., within private social
networks), whereas parents’ accounts included a wider spectrum of strategies. These
differences between children’s and parents’ strategies may provide the basis for
inconsistencies and incompatibilities.
, Gezin en Samenleving
College 4
Artikel Egan en Perry (2001)
Abstract
This study examined the relations between components of gender identity and psychosocial
adjustment. The aspects of gender identity assessed were (a) feelings of psychological
compatibility with one's gender (i.e., feeling one is a typical member of one's sex and feeling
content with one's biological sex), (b) feelings of pressure from parents, peers, and self for
conformity to gender stereotypes, and (c) the sentiment that one's own sex is superior to the
other (intergroup bias). Adjustment was assessed in terms of self-esteem and peer acceptance.
Participants were 182 children in Grades 4 through 8. Felt gender compatibility (when
operationalized as either self-perceived gender typicality or feelings of contentment with
one's biological sex) was positively related to adjustment, whereas felt pressure and
intergroup bias were negatively associated with adjustment. The results provide new insights
into the role of gender identity in children's well-being, help identify sources of confusion in
previous work, and suggest directions for future inquiry.
Discussion
The results support the thesis that gender identity is multidimensional. It is apparent that by
middle childhood children have developed fairly stable conceptions of (a) the degree to which
they typify their gender category, (b) their contentedness with their gender assignment, (c)
whether they are free to explore cross-sex options or are compelled to conform to gender
stereotypes, and (d) whether their own sex is superior to the other. These dimensions of
gender identity are not strongly related to one another, yet all relate to psychosocial
adjustment. The pattern of results helps identify not only components of gender identity that
promote or undermine children's well-being but also sources of confusion in previous
research on the relations between gender identity and adjustment.
That self-perceived gender typicality and felt pressure for sex typing are uncorrelated and
relate to adjustment in opposite ways (positively for gender typicality, negatively for felt
pressure) is especially noteworthy. It indicates that self-perceptions of gender typicality do
not necessarily reflect an unhealthy gender-role straightjacket that undermines well-being;
rather, they appear to contribute positively and directly to a healthy sense of self. Clearly, it is
felt pressure for gender conformity, not a perception of the self as gender typical, that is
harmful. Thus, children's adjustment is optimized when they (a) are secure in their
conceptions of themselves as typical members of their sex yet (b) feel free to explore cross-
sex options when they so desire. Parents and educators might strive to instill in children a
sense that they are free to investigate other-sex options, but these adults should also be
respectful of children's need to feel that they are typical and adequate members of their own
gender.
Artikel Cohen-Kettenis (2004)
Samenvatting
Veel dilemma’s bij mensen die een genderidentiteitsstoornis hebben, vanwege weinig
empirische kennis. Meer kennis nodig dus.
College 4
College 4 Gezin en Samenleving
Gezin en samenleving.
- Brus, A. (2013). Bammam & bamkids, hét bamboek. Persoonlijke verhalen van bewust
alleenstaande moeders en hun kinderen. Nijkerk: Uitgeverij van Brug. Voor deel 2 (tevens
voor casusopdracht 2):
Artikel Zartler (2014)
This study explored how normative understandings
based on the nuclear family ideology are
linked to constructions of single-parent families and
sheds light on the strategies single parents and their
children adopt in dealing with negative accounts.
Guided by social constructionist and configurational
approaches, the in-depth analysis is based on an
Austrian qualitative study, comprising interviews with
50 ten-year-old children and their 71 parents, living in
nuclear,
reconstituted, and single-parent families. The results
showed that single-parent families are constructed
predominantly in terms of deficits and disadvantages,
with the nuclear family serving as an ideological code
along the dimensions of normalcy, complementarity,
and stability. To deal with negative accounts, single
parents and their children use three basic types of
strategy: (a) imitation, (b) compensation, and (c)
delimitation.
Conclusie
In this study, I analyzed in detail the ways in which normative understandings based on the
nuclear family ideology are linked to attitudes toward single-parent families and to the
strategies single parents and their children adopt in dealing with moral accounts. On the basis
of interviews with children and parents, the nuclear family was shown to serve as an
ideological code (Smith, 1993), resulting in a hierarchization of family forms. On the basis of
the dimensions of normalcy, complementarity, and stability, nuclear families are perceived as
the most advantageous form of living together as a family and as being connected with
numerous benefits, the most prominent of which is the everyday presence of two parents.
Single-parent families seem to be particularly affected by the nuclear family ideology,
because they do not correspond to its structural specifications. They are constructed
predominantly in terms of deficits and disadvantages, associated with moral undertones.
These traditional notions of what a family is and should be clearly shape the strategies
adopted by single parents and their children, which can be summarized as attempts to imitate
nuclear family structures (imitation), compensate for deficits ascribed to single-parent
families (compensation), or draw boundaries between their family and two-parent families
(delimitation). The interviewed children focused on strategies of imitation and delimitation
and adopted only one variety of strategies of compensation (i.e., within private social
networks), whereas parents’ accounts included a wider spectrum of strategies. These
differences between children’s and parents’ strategies may provide the basis for
inconsistencies and incompatibilities.
, Gezin en Samenleving
College 4
Artikel Egan en Perry (2001)
Abstract
This study examined the relations between components of gender identity and psychosocial
adjustment. The aspects of gender identity assessed were (a) feelings of psychological
compatibility with one's gender (i.e., feeling one is a typical member of one's sex and feeling
content with one's biological sex), (b) feelings of pressure from parents, peers, and self for
conformity to gender stereotypes, and (c) the sentiment that one's own sex is superior to the
other (intergroup bias). Adjustment was assessed in terms of self-esteem and peer acceptance.
Participants were 182 children in Grades 4 through 8. Felt gender compatibility (when
operationalized as either self-perceived gender typicality or feelings of contentment with
one's biological sex) was positively related to adjustment, whereas felt pressure and
intergroup bias were negatively associated with adjustment. The results provide new insights
into the role of gender identity in children's well-being, help identify sources of confusion in
previous work, and suggest directions for future inquiry.
Discussion
The results support the thesis that gender identity is multidimensional. It is apparent that by
middle childhood children have developed fairly stable conceptions of (a) the degree to which
they typify their gender category, (b) their contentedness with their gender assignment, (c)
whether they are free to explore cross-sex options or are compelled to conform to gender
stereotypes, and (d) whether their own sex is superior to the other. These dimensions of
gender identity are not strongly related to one another, yet all relate to psychosocial
adjustment. The pattern of results helps identify not only components of gender identity that
promote or undermine children's well-being but also sources of confusion in previous
research on the relations between gender identity and adjustment.
That self-perceived gender typicality and felt pressure for sex typing are uncorrelated and
relate to adjustment in opposite ways (positively for gender typicality, negatively for felt
pressure) is especially noteworthy. It indicates that self-perceptions of gender typicality do
not necessarily reflect an unhealthy gender-role straightjacket that undermines well-being;
rather, they appear to contribute positively and directly to a healthy sense of self. Clearly, it is
felt pressure for gender conformity, not a perception of the self as gender typical, that is
harmful. Thus, children's adjustment is optimized when they (a) are secure in their
conceptions of themselves as typical members of their sex yet (b) feel free to explore cross-
sex options when they so desire. Parents and educators might strive to instill in children a
sense that they are free to investigate other-sex options, but these adults should also be
respectful of children's need to feel that they are typical and adequate members of their own
gender.
Artikel Cohen-Kettenis (2004)
Samenvatting
Veel dilemma’s bij mensen die een genderidentiteitsstoornis hebben, vanwege weinig
empirische kennis. Meer kennis nodig dus.
