USMLE Step 2 CK High-Yield (Complete SOLUTION)

Classic EKG finding in atrial flutter - "Sawtooth" p waves Definition of unstable angina - Angina that is new, is worsening, or occurs at rest Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria - ACEI Beck's triad for cardiac tamponade - Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD Drugs that slow heart rate - Beta-blockers, CCBs, digoxin, amiodarone Hypercholesterolemia treatment that leads to flushing and pruritus - Niacin Murmur - hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy - A systolic ejection murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that increases with decreased preload (i.e. Valsalva maneuver) Murmur - aortic insufficiency - Austin Flint murmur, a diastolic, decrescendo, low-pitched, blowing murmur that is best heard sitting up; increases with increased afterload (i.e. handgrip) Murmur - aortic stenosis - A systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to the neck; increases with increased preload (i.e. squatting) Murmur - mitral regurgitation - A holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axillar; increases with increased afterload (handgrip) Murmur - mitral stenosis - A diastolic, mid to late, low-pitched murmur preceded by an opening snapTreatment for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter - If unstable, cardiovert. If stable or chronic, rate control with CCBs or beta-blockers Treatment for ventricular fibrillation - Immediate cardioversion Dressler's syndrome - An autoimmune reaction with fever, pericarditis and increased ESR occurring 2-4 weeks post-MI IV drug use with JVD and holosystolic murmur at left sternal border. Treatment? - Treat existing heart failure and replace tricuspid valve Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Echocardiogram (showing a thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction) Pulsus paradoxus - A decrease in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration; seen in cardiac tamponade Classic ECG finding in pericarditis - Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation Definition of hypertension - BP > 140/90 on 3 separate occasions 2 weeks apart Eight surgically correctable causes of HTN - Renal artery stenosis, coarc of aorta, pheo, Conn's, Cushing's syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal dz, hyperthyroid, hyperparathyroid Evaluation of pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit - Abdominal U/S and CT Indications for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm - >5.5cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic, ruptured