AP World History Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization Latest 2022 Graded A

AP World History Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization Latest 2022 Graded A Imperialism A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Social Darwinism The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle. King Leopold II the Belgian king who opened up the African interior to European trade along the Congo River and by 1884 controlled the area known as the Congo Free State. Dutch East India Company Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies. Direct Resistance a refusal to act - not doing what the enemy wants. Tupac Amaru The last Inca emperor; in the 1780s, a Native American rebellion against Spanish control of Peru took place in his name. Yaa Asantewaa queen of the Asantes that led the fight against the British in the last Asante war, took power after the king was exiled 1857 Rebellion Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857-59. Sokoto Caliphate large Muslim state founded in 1809 in what is now northern Nigeria. Cherokee Nation Native American tribe that was forced to leave their land because of the Indian Removal Act Zulu Kingdom A monarchy in Southern Africa that extended along the coast of the Indian Ocean from the Tugela River in the south to Pongola River in the north. Ghost Dance A cult that tried to call the spirits of past warriors to inspire the young braves to fight. It was crushed at the Battle of Wounded Knee after spreading to the Dakota Sioux. The Ghost Dance led to the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887. This act tried to reform Indian tribes and turn them into "white" citizens. It did little good. Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement Pivotal movement that broke the ushered in a new era of colonial expansion and domination of South Africa by the British. Thought it would bring back ancient chiefs and ancestors. Mahdist Revolt In 1882 in a revolution led by Muhammad Ahmad, 1881 had proclaimed himself the Mahdi, the person who, according to an Islamic tradition, would rid the world of evil on September 2, 1898. The Anglo-Egyptian victory brought about the complete collapse export economy A type of economy in which goods are produced mainly for export rather than for domestic use Economic Imperialism Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other governments. Opium War War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government's refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories; the victorious British imposed the one-sided Treaty of Nanking on China. Convict labor A system of penal labor practiced in the Southern United States, beginning after the emancipation of slaves at the end of the American Civil War in 1865 to about around 1880, and officially ending in the last state, Alabama, in 1928. Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States White Australia Policy A policy that intentionally restricted non-white immigration to Australia Samory Toure leader of Malinke peoples in West Africa who formed an army that fought against French for 15 years and proclaimed himself king of Guinea Sino-Japanese War war between China and Japan in which Japan gained Taiwan British East India Company A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years. Settler Colonies Colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than simply spending relatively small numbers to exploit the region; particularly noteworthy in the case of the British colonies in North America. Berlin Conference A meeting from at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa. No Africans were invited Boer War Lasting from 1899 to 1902, Dutch colonists and the British competed for control of territory in South Africa. Afrikaners South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the seventeenth century. Their Great Trek founded new settler colonies in the nineteenth century. Though a minority among South Africans, they held political power after 1910. Sphere of Influence A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities. Taiping Rebellion a mid-19th century rebellion against the Qing Dynasty in China, led by Hong Xiuquan Boxer Rebellion 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops. French Indochina Area of southeast Asia controlled by France during Imperialism. Includes Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Siam The Kingdom of _____, known today as Thailand, remained relatively independent during through the nineteenth century because they served as a buffer between the colonies of Britain and France in Indochina. penal colony a colony to which convicts are sent as an alternative to prison Treaty of Waitangi The treaty signed by the British and Maori in 1840 giving Britain control over New Zealand. Monroe Doctrine an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers Manifest Destiny A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific. Spanish-American War In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence Roosevelt Corollary 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force The Great Game Used to describe the rivalry and strategic conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire before WWI. Indian Removal Act (1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River Seypoys Indian troops Philippine-American War armed conflict between the Philippines and the United States from . It was a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence. The Philippines declared war on the US and it became a savage conflict with guerilla warfare. Villages were destroyed, civilians were murdered, and prisoners were tortured. The war ended when Aguinaldo surrendered in 1902. Aboriginal people People who migrated to Australia from Asia at least 40,000 years ago; the original settlers of the land. Maori indigenous people of New Zealand Pan-Africanism A movement that stressed unity among all Africans Cecil Rhodes Born in 1853, played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism. Apartheid a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race. Used in South Africa Banana Republic Term used to describe a Central American nation dominated by United States business interests Indentured Servants People who could not afford passage to the colonies could become indentured servants. Another person would pay their passage, and in exchange, the indentured servant would serve that person for a set length of time (usually seven years) and then would be free. Diaspora A dispersion of people from their homeland ethnic enclave a small area occupied by a distinctive minority culture