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Sumario Resumen Latex EPE

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Resumen completo a Latex de la asignatura Elementos de Probabilidad y Estadística del grado en Matemáticas en la Universidad de Sevilla

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EPE. José Martı́nez Suárez



EPE
Esquema resumen.


Definición
Sea Ω un espacio muestral distinto de vacı́o. Sea {An } una sucesión de sucesos o
subconjuntos de Ω.
Se definen

lı́m sup An = lı́mAn = {ω ∈ Ω : ω es infinidad de An }
n→∞

lı́m ı́nf An = lı́mAn = {ω ∈ Ω : ω ∈ An para casi todo n}
n→∞


Proposición

Sea Ω un espacio muestral distinto de vacı́o. Sea {An } una sucesión de sucesos
contenidos en Ω, entonces se verifica que

1. lı́mAn = ∞
T S∞
n=1 m=n Am

2. lı́mAn = ∞
S T∞
n=1 m=n Am


Proposición

Sea {An } una sucesión de sucesos monótona contenidos en Ω. Entnces se verifica:

1. Si {An } ↑ entonces lı́mAn = lı́mAn = ∞
S
n=1 An .

2. Si {An } ↓ entonces lı́mAn = lı́mAn = ∞
T
n=1 An .


Axiomas de Kolmogorov

Sea (Ω, A ) un espacio probabilizable, definimos la función P : A −→ R+ ∪ {0} que
verifica:

1. ∀A ∈ A , P (A) ≥ 0.

2. Sean A1 , . . . , An , · · · ∈ A dos a dos disjuntos, entonces

! ∞
[ X
P Ai = P (Ai )
i=1 i=1


3. P (Ω) = 1.

Esto genera un espacio probabilı́stico (Ω, A , P ).



Página 1

, EPE. José Martı́nez Suárez

Lema
Se verifican las siguientes propiedades:

1. P (∅) = 0.

2. Sean A, B ∈ A con A ∩ B = ∅, entonces P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B).

3. Sean A, B ∈ A con A ⊆ B, entonces P (A) ≤ P (B).

4. Sea A ∈ A , entonces P (A) = 1 − P (A).

5. Si A, B ∈ A con A ⊂ B, entonces P (B − A) = P (B) − P (A).

6. Sean A, B ∈ A, entonces P (B − A) = P (B) − P (B ∩ A).

7. Sean A, B ∈ A , entonces P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) − P (A ∩ B).

8. Sean A1 , . . . , An ∈ A, entonces P ( ni=1 An ) ≤ ni=1 P (Ai ).
S P

9. Sean A1 , . . . , An ∈ A , entonces
n
! n
[ X X X
P Aj = P (Aj )− P (Ai ∩ Aj ) + P (Ai ∩ Aj ∩ Ak )
j=1 j=1 i<j i<j<k
n+1
+ · · · + (−1) P (A1 ∩ A2 ∩ · · · ∩ An )

En espacios muestrales finitos la probabilidad se calcula como el cociente
Casos favorables
Casos posibles
Probabilidad condicionada

P (A ∩ B)
P (A|B) =
P (B)

Fórmula de la probabilidad total

X
P (C) = P (C|An ) · P (An )
n=1

Siendo {An } una familia de sucesos disjuntos dos a dos y cuya unión es el total, y C ∈ A .

Fórmula de Bayes. Probabilidad a posteriori

P (Ai ∩ C) P (C|Ai ) · P (Ai )
P (Ai |C) = = P∞
P (C) n=1 P (C|An ) · P (An )

Fórmula de la multiplicación

P (A1 ∩ A2 ∩ · · · ∩ An ) = P (A1 ) · P (A2 |A1 ) · P (A3 |A1 ∩ A2 ) · · · P (An |A1 ∩ · · · ∩ An−1 )


Página 2

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¡Hola! Tras haber obtenido el Diploma del Bachillerato Internacional, me dispongo a estudiar el Doble Grado en Ingeniería Informática y Matemáticas de la Universidad de Sevilla. En esta página subiré todos los apuntes, exámenes y resumenes escritos a ordenador que puedan ser de ayuda para todo aquel que esté estudiando alguna asignatura común a mí.

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