WGU C173 Ultimate Study Guide Latest 2022 Already Passed

WGU C173 Ultimate Study Guide Latest 2022 Already Passed abstraction Focus on the essential qualities of something rather than one specific example. actors An Actor in a use case is anything with behavior who lives outside of your system, outside of your application, but has a goal they want to accomplish within. algorithm A set of commands that return a value. This differs from a procedure, which is a set of commands that doesn't necessarily have to return a value. append() Mutates <List> by adding <Element> to the end of the list. argument The inputs to a procedure. Also called operands. attributes Characteristics of an object which may be used to reference other objects or save object state information. <name> = <expression> This is an assignment statement. A variable is named and also assigned a value or expression. If multiple values are assigned to the same named variable, the last assignment is the one used. base case An expression that has a value and is not defined in terms of some other thing we are defining. This breaks the chain of recursion. Boolean A value that is either True or False circular definition A definition that doesn't give us answers because it never finishes. It is stuck in a loop with each reference pointing to another reference. It has no base case. class Describes what an object will be, but it isn't the object itself. This is a blueprint for that object. <ClassName> (<BaseClass>): <Block> How to define a class in Python class diagram (UML) The most common diagram in Object-Oriented Design. Shows the system classes and relationships between them. Diagrams the primary attributes and primary operations for each class. code modularity Dividing software or an application into smaller modules. This provides prewritten code which saves resources and provides greater manageability. comparison operator Used to make a comparison between two values. compiler A program that takes source code and converts it to machine code by producing a separate file. concatenate To connect or link in a series or chain. constructor A special type of function used to create a class or object. The constructor prepares the new object for use. dictionary Provides a mapping between keys, which can be values of any immutable type, and values, which can be any value. Because this is implemented using a hash table, the time to lookup a value does not increase (significantly) even when the number of keys increases. if <condition>: else: Used in to provide a two-way decision. If the initial condition is true the first block of code will execute. If the initial condition is false, the second block of code following the else clause will execute. encapsulation Surrounding something to both keep the contents together and also to protect those contents. In Object Orientation this refers to the idea of taking our attributes and behaviors and bundling them together in the same unit, or the same class. expression Any Python construct that has a value for <Name> in <Collection>: Executes a block once for each element of a collection. framework Huge amounts of code already written, already tested, ready for you to link to and use within your programs. Also called libraries. grammar In a programming language like Python, these are the rules that the code must adhere to. When not followed, the interpreter will return a Syntax Error message. This means that the structure of the code is inconsistent with the rules of the programming language. Proper formatting for an expression would be: Expression -> Expression Operator Expression immutable Not able to change in form or nature index() used to find elements in a list. Outputs the position of the first occurrence of an element matching <Value> in <List>. If <Value> is not found in <List>, produces an error. indexing To select sub-sequences. Positions are numbered starting with 0. inheritance A form of code reuse. We can create a new class, but instead of writing it from scratch, we can base it on an existing class. input Data that is passed into a procedure instantiation Creating instances of a class, or creating an object from a class. Any number of instances may be created from a class. integer A whole number (not a fraction) that can be positive, negative, or zero interpreter A program that takes source code and translates it to machine code when that code is needed. invoke To activate. One usually speaks of invoking a function in a program. len() Outputs the number of characters in a string library Huge amounts of code already written, already tested, ready for you to link to and use within your programs. Also called frameworks. list A mutable collection of objects. The elements in a list can be of any type, including other lists. logical operators The AND and OR operators. The important property they have which is different from other operators is that the second operand expression is evaluated only when necessary. loop Provide a way to evaluate the same block of code an arbitrary number of times machine code Code that the computer actually understands. Written as numerical operations, works on the level of the CPU, too tedious for writing directly. mutation Change or cause to change in form or nature object Something self-contained, has an identity separate from other objects. Has its own attributes and behaviors. operand The inputs to a procedure. Also called arguments. operator constructs which behave generally like functions, but which differ syntactically or semantically from usual functions. Examples: arithmetic (addition with +, comparison with >) and logical operations (such as AND or &&) parameters The inputs to a procedure. There can be any number of parameters (including none). polymorphism Means many forms. It lets us automatically do the correct behavior even if what we're working with could take one of many different forms. pop() Mutates a list by removing its last element. Outputs the value of that element. precedence The order of operations. A rule used to clari