Mutations = alterations in DNA
sickle-cell disease = a genetic disorder that alters the bloodstream’s processing of oxygen.
—> can lead to pain, organ and bone damage and anemia
3.17
behavioral genetics = the study of how genes and environment interact to influence
psychological activity.
monozygotic twins = (identical twins) twin siblings that result from one zygote splitting in
two and therefore share the same genes.
dizygotic twins = (fraternal twins) twin siblings that result from two separate fertilized eggs
and therefore are no more similar genetically than nontwin siblings.
Some evidence suggests that twins raised apart may be more similar than twins raised
together. Due to parents who encourage individuality in twins raised together by
emphasizing different strengths and interests in each twin. And so the parents would actively
create a different environment for each twin.
Heredity = transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring through genes
Heritability = a statistical estimate of the extent to which variation in a trait within a
population is due to genetics.
3.18
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme is important in determining susceptibility to the effects
of mistreatment.
MAOA is the gene that controls MAO and comes in two forms
- one of which leads to higher levels of MAO
- and one of which leads to lower levels of MAO
A parent’s experiences create tags on DNA that tell it when to express. These tags may
then be passed along with the DNA to future generations.
Genetic modifications → to enhance or reduce the expression of a particular gene or even
to insert a gene from one animal species into the embryo of another.
Researchers can then compare the genetically modified animal with an unmodified one to
test theories about the affected gene’s function.
Changing even a single gene can dramatically change behavior.
17
sickle-cell disease = a genetic disorder that alters the bloodstream’s processing of oxygen.
—> can lead to pain, organ and bone damage and anemia
3.17
behavioral genetics = the study of how genes and environment interact to influence
psychological activity.
monozygotic twins = (identical twins) twin siblings that result from one zygote splitting in
two and therefore share the same genes.
dizygotic twins = (fraternal twins) twin siblings that result from two separate fertilized eggs
and therefore are no more similar genetically than nontwin siblings.
Some evidence suggests that twins raised apart may be more similar than twins raised
together. Due to parents who encourage individuality in twins raised together by
emphasizing different strengths and interests in each twin. And so the parents would actively
create a different environment for each twin.
Heredity = transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring through genes
Heritability = a statistical estimate of the extent to which variation in a trait within a
population is due to genetics.
3.18
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme is important in determining susceptibility to the effects
of mistreatment.
MAOA is the gene that controls MAO and comes in two forms
- one of which leads to higher levels of MAO
- and one of which leads to lower levels of MAO
A parent’s experiences create tags on DNA that tell it when to express. These tags may
then be passed along with the DNA to future generations.
Genetic modifications → to enhance or reduce the expression of a particular gene or even
to insert a gene from one animal species into the embryo of another.
Researchers can then compare the genetically modified animal with an unmodified one to
test theories about the affected gene’s function.
Changing even a single gene can dramatically change behavior.
17
