ATLS Practice Test 1 Answers & Explanations

ATLS Practice Test 1 Answers & Explanations Treatment of frostbite should be immediate to decrease the duration of tissue freezing, although rewarming should not be undertaken if there is the risk of refreezing. The injured part should be placed in circulating water at a constant 40°C (104°F) until pink color and perfusion return (usually within 20 to 30 minutes). This is best accomplished in a large tank, such as a whirlpool tank. Avoid dry heat since this risks burning the skin, and do not rub or massage the area since this causes more tissue injury. Rewarming can be extremely painful, and adequate analgesia is essential. Cardiac monitoring during rewarming is advised. 2. d. Short, large­caliber peripheral intravenous lines are preferred for the rapid infusion of large volumes of fluid. 3. d. A spinal cord injury would generally cause absent reflexes at the level of the injury, hyper­reflexia inferior to it, and normal reflexes superior to it.