Biology 122 Exam 3 Questions and Answers-Respiratory
Respiration
1. What are the major differences between conducting zone
structures and respiratory zone structures?
Conducting = airflow (nostrils, major bronchioles), Respiratory = gas
exchange(alveoli)
2. What is dead air?
The part of the respiratory system that has no alveoli, and in which little
or no exchange of gas between air and blood takes place.
3. The upper respiratory tract does , ,& to inhaled
air. Warms, cleanses, humidifies
4. What is the function of the respiratory mucosa? How does it do its job?
Inhaled dust, pollen, bacteria, other foreign crap gets stuck to it, the
mucous glands in the lamina propria supplement mucus produced by
goblet cells.
5. How do intrinsic muscles of the larynx regulate speech?
They pull on the arytenoid and corniculate cartilages, causing the
cartilages to pivot (rotate, turn), arytenoid abduct ( loosens: low pitch
sound )or adduct (tightens: high pitch sound) the vocal cords.
6. What is the respiratory membrane? Function?
Barrier between the alveolar air and blood. Gas exchange
7. Define pulmonary ventilation.
Breathing. Inspiration and Expiration, one complete breath =
respiratory cycle Quiet respiration – at rest
Forced respiration – during exercise
8. What generates air flow into the lungs?
The expansion and shrinking of the lungs my skeletal muscles
9. Compare and contrast the role of smooth muscle vs. skeletal
muscle in respiration. Smooth muscle – Adjusts diameter of
airway and affects speed of airflow
Skeletal muscle – Expands and shrinks the lungs to create airflow
10. Describe the actions of the diaphragm, external intercostals, and
internal intercostals in respiration.
Diaphragm – prime mover, when relaxed it bulges upward pushing air
, out, when contracting, stiffens and flattens allowing air in
External, Internal Intercostals –
Enlargement and contraction of the thoracic cage
Stiffen the thoracic cage during respiration
Prevent it from caving in when the diaphragm descends.
11. How do they affect the size of the thoracic cavity?
Increase the transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the chest. Or
whatever I said in the previous question pretty much
12. What specific areas in the medulla and pons
regulate respiration? Medulla –
VRG – Ventral Respiratory group (inspiratory)
DRG – Dorsal Respiratory group
(expiratory) Pons –
PRG – Pontine Respiratory group
13. How can rest, exercise, and our emotional state affect the rhythm of
respiration?
Respiration
1. What are the major differences between conducting zone
structures and respiratory zone structures?
Conducting = airflow (nostrils, major bronchioles), Respiratory = gas
exchange(alveoli)
2. What is dead air?
The part of the respiratory system that has no alveoli, and in which little
or no exchange of gas between air and blood takes place.
3. The upper respiratory tract does , ,& to inhaled
air. Warms, cleanses, humidifies
4. What is the function of the respiratory mucosa? How does it do its job?
Inhaled dust, pollen, bacteria, other foreign crap gets stuck to it, the
mucous glands in the lamina propria supplement mucus produced by
goblet cells.
5. How do intrinsic muscles of the larynx regulate speech?
They pull on the arytenoid and corniculate cartilages, causing the
cartilages to pivot (rotate, turn), arytenoid abduct ( loosens: low pitch
sound )or adduct (tightens: high pitch sound) the vocal cords.
6. What is the respiratory membrane? Function?
Barrier between the alveolar air and blood. Gas exchange
7. Define pulmonary ventilation.
Breathing. Inspiration and Expiration, one complete breath =
respiratory cycle Quiet respiration – at rest
Forced respiration – during exercise
8. What generates air flow into the lungs?
The expansion and shrinking of the lungs my skeletal muscles
9. Compare and contrast the role of smooth muscle vs. skeletal
muscle in respiration. Smooth muscle – Adjusts diameter of
airway and affects speed of airflow
Skeletal muscle – Expands and shrinks the lungs to create airflow
10. Describe the actions of the diaphragm, external intercostals, and
internal intercostals in respiration.
Diaphragm – prime mover, when relaxed it bulges upward pushing air
, out, when contracting, stiffens and flattens allowing air in
External, Internal Intercostals –
Enlargement and contraction of the thoracic cage
Stiffen the thoracic cage during respiration
Prevent it from caving in when the diaphragm descends.
11. How do they affect the size of the thoracic cavity?
Increase the transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the chest. Or
whatever I said in the previous question pretty much
12. What specific areas in the medulla and pons
regulate respiration? Medulla –
VRG – Ventral Respiratory group (inspiratory)
DRG – Dorsal Respiratory group
(expiratory) Pons –
PRG – Pontine Respiratory group
13. How can rest, exercise, and our emotional state affect the rhythm of
respiration?
