Tourism Context | Eefje Godding
Tourism Contexts
The impacts of tourism
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUSTAINABILITY................................................................................................. 3
Sustainable Development Goals (UN) ............................................................. 3
Paris Agreement 2015 ..................................................................................... 4
Sustainable Tourism ........................................................................................ 4
Difficulties in Achieving Sustainable Tourism .................................................. 5
Visitor Management ....................................................................................... 7
Carrying Capacity ............................................................................................ 7
Triple Bottom Line ........................................................................................... 8
PROFIT ~ ECONOMIC IMPACTS .......................................................................... 8
Justification for Tourism Development ........................................................... 9
Economic Cycles ............................................................................................ 10
1
, Tourism Context | Eefje Godding
Balance of Payments ..................................................................................... 10
Leakage ......................................................................................................... 11
Multiplier Effect ............................................................................................ 12
Seasonality .................................................................................................... 12
Inflation......................................................................................................... 13
Opportunity Costs ......................................................................................... 13
Economic Dependence .................................................................................. 13
Conclusion P – profit ..................................................................................... 13
PLANET ~ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ............................................................ 14
CO2 emission and ‘compensation’ ................................................................. 14
Climate Change ............................................................................................. 15
Ecotourism .................................................................................................... 15
Effects on Wildlife ......................................................................................... 16
Loss of Spirit .................................................................................................. 16
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ....................................................... 16
PEOPLE ~ SOCIAL & CULTURAL IMPACTS ........................................................ 17
Acculturation ................................................................................................ 18
Host-guest relations ...................................................................................... 19
Indigenous Tourism ....................................................................................... 20
Displacement ................................................................................................ 21
Conclusion P – people ................................................................................... 21
CULTURAL AWARENESS ................................................................................... 22
Frame of Reference ....................................................................................... 22
Schein’s 3 Layer Model.................................................................................. 22
Extra Content ................................................................................................ 23
Possible Cheat Sheet ..................................................................................... 23
2
, Tourism Context | Eefje Godding
SUSTAINABILITY
development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the needs of future generations
Currently, the prevailing definition of sustainability emphasizes cross-generational equity,
which is clearly an important concept, but which poses difficulties, since future generations’
needs are not easy to define or determine. Anchoring an alternative definition to the
relationship between a population and the carrying capacity of its environment offers
superior operational leverage, as it contains a number of key variables, all potentially
measurable: population size, rate of resource consumption, impacts on the absorption
capacity of sinks, a measure of well-being, and the like.
requires a fundamental shift in consciousness as well as action
Sustainable
Development
Goals (UN)
3
Tourism Contexts
The impacts of tourism
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUSTAINABILITY................................................................................................. 3
Sustainable Development Goals (UN) ............................................................. 3
Paris Agreement 2015 ..................................................................................... 4
Sustainable Tourism ........................................................................................ 4
Difficulties in Achieving Sustainable Tourism .................................................. 5
Visitor Management ....................................................................................... 7
Carrying Capacity ............................................................................................ 7
Triple Bottom Line ........................................................................................... 8
PROFIT ~ ECONOMIC IMPACTS .......................................................................... 8
Justification for Tourism Development ........................................................... 9
Economic Cycles ............................................................................................ 10
1
, Tourism Context | Eefje Godding
Balance of Payments ..................................................................................... 10
Leakage ......................................................................................................... 11
Multiplier Effect ............................................................................................ 12
Seasonality .................................................................................................... 12
Inflation......................................................................................................... 13
Opportunity Costs ......................................................................................... 13
Economic Dependence .................................................................................. 13
Conclusion P – profit ..................................................................................... 13
PLANET ~ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ............................................................ 14
CO2 emission and ‘compensation’ ................................................................. 14
Climate Change ............................................................................................. 15
Ecotourism .................................................................................................... 15
Effects on Wildlife ......................................................................................... 16
Loss of Spirit .................................................................................................. 16
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ....................................................... 16
PEOPLE ~ SOCIAL & CULTURAL IMPACTS ........................................................ 17
Acculturation ................................................................................................ 18
Host-guest relations ...................................................................................... 19
Indigenous Tourism ....................................................................................... 20
Displacement ................................................................................................ 21
Conclusion P – people ................................................................................... 21
CULTURAL AWARENESS ................................................................................... 22
Frame of Reference ....................................................................................... 22
Schein’s 3 Layer Model.................................................................................. 22
Extra Content ................................................................................................ 23
Possible Cheat Sheet ..................................................................................... 23
2
, Tourism Context | Eefje Godding
SUSTAINABILITY
development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the needs of future generations
Currently, the prevailing definition of sustainability emphasizes cross-generational equity,
which is clearly an important concept, but which poses difficulties, since future generations’
needs are not easy to define or determine. Anchoring an alternative definition to the
relationship between a population and the carrying capacity of its environment offers
superior operational leverage, as it contains a number of key variables, all potentially
measurable: population size, rate of resource consumption, impacts on the absorption
capacity of sinks, a measure of well-being, and the like.
requires a fundamental shift in consciousness as well as action
Sustainable
Development
Goals (UN)
3
