5. Hazards
Hazard A threat of substantial loss of life, substantial
impact upon life or damage of property that
can be caused by an event.
Primary impacts Have an immediate effect on the affected area
Secondary impacts Happen after the disaster occurs
Fatalism A perception to hazards - acceptance to the
natural disaster as there is nothing you could
do to prevent it.
Event A natural event doesn’t effect people or places
Disaster Occurrence disrupting normal conditions of
existence and causing a level of suffering that
exceeds capacity of adjustment.
Risk Exposure of people to a hazardous event
presenting a threat to themselves, their
possessions and the built environment
Vulnerability The potential for loss
Perception The way an individual/group views the threat
Capacity to cope A combination of strengths and resources
available within a community that can reduce
level of risk/effects of disaster.
Basal drag
Intraplate earthquakes
Hazard types
Geographical hazard – driven by Earths own internal energy sources.
Atmospheric hazard – driven by processes at work in the atmosphere
Hydrological hazard – driven by bodies of water
Perception of hazards
How we perceive hazards depends on the effect is has on our lives
Sometimes, the advantages of living in a high-risk area outweigh the disadvantages
Age, social status and religious beliefs can determine whether a person evacuates.
Human responses
Natural human responses to hazards reduce risk to life and equity
Local responses include saving possessions and safeguarding property
Global responses include coordinating rescue and humanitarian aid
Intensity and magnitude effect the scale of the response
Automatic disaster analysis and mapping systems allow immediate access to information
Prediction
Remote sensing and seismic monitoring gives hints to activity that can may lead to disaster and
need to be acted upon
Advances in communication mean information can be shared and analysed quickly. Warnings can
be communicated promptly and reach a greater number of those at risk.
Adaptation
Adapting behaviour accordingly means losses can be kelp to a minimum.
, The Hazard Management cycle
Prevention – actions aimed at reducing severity and
lessening its impacts.
Preparedness – knowing what to do in immediate
aftermath of an event can speed up recovery.
Response – the speed of the response will depend on
the effectiveness of plan put in place
Recovery – restoring the affected area to something
approaching normality.
The Park Model/Curve
The depth of the curve is a factor of the scale of the disaster, which is dependent on the
magnitude of the event and the nature of the locality.
Dregg disaster model
Shows the overlap of
natural hazard and
human vulnerability
The larger the scale
of the event, the
greater the
vulnerability.
Hazard A threat of substantial loss of life, substantial
impact upon life or damage of property that
can be caused by an event.
Primary impacts Have an immediate effect on the affected area
Secondary impacts Happen after the disaster occurs
Fatalism A perception to hazards - acceptance to the
natural disaster as there is nothing you could
do to prevent it.
Event A natural event doesn’t effect people or places
Disaster Occurrence disrupting normal conditions of
existence and causing a level of suffering that
exceeds capacity of adjustment.
Risk Exposure of people to a hazardous event
presenting a threat to themselves, their
possessions and the built environment
Vulnerability The potential for loss
Perception The way an individual/group views the threat
Capacity to cope A combination of strengths and resources
available within a community that can reduce
level of risk/effects of disaster.
Basal drag
Intraplate earthquakes
Hazard types
Geographical hazard – driven by Earths own internal energy sources.
Atmospheric hazard – driven by processes at work in the atmosphere
Hydrological hazard – driven by bodies of water
Perception of hazards
How we perceive hazards depends on the effect is has on our lives
Sometimes, the advantages of living in a high-risk area outweigh the disadvantages
Age, social status and religious beliefs can determine whether a person evacuates.
Human responses
Natural human responses to hazards reduce risk to life and equity
Local responses include saving possessions and safeguarding property
Global responses include coordinating rescue and humanitarian aid
Intensity and magnitude effect the scale of the response
Automatic disaster analysis and mapping systems allow immediate access to information
Prediction
Remote sensing and seismic monitoring gives hints to activity that can may lead to disaster and
need to be acted upon
Advances in communication mean information can be shared and analysed quickly. Warnings can
be communicated promptly and reach a greater number of those at risk.
Adaptation
Adapting behaviour accordingly means losses can be kelp to a minimum.
, The Hazard Management cycle
Prevention – actions aimed at reducing severity and
lessening its impacts.
Preparedness – knowing what to do in immediate
aftermath of an event can speed up recovery.
Response – the speed of the response will depend on
the effectiveness of plan put in place
Recovery – restoring the affected area to something
approaching normality.
The Park Model/Curve
The depth of the curve is a factor of the scale of the disaster, which is dependent on the
magnitude of the event and the nature of the locality.
Dregg disaster model
Shows the overlap of
natural hazard and
human vulnerability
The larger the scale
of the event, the
greater the
vulnerability.
