Lecture notes Cytology

Cytology- animal cells


+ The nuclear membrane
• The chromatin is the first stage before they
condense to form chromosomes which would
eventually split to each side of the nucleus and split
during the cell cycle.



+ The intermembrane spaces




+This is the stalked particle where respiration
takes place for the mitochondria



+ These ribosomes are extremely small and
aren’t measured but do have their own units
called arbitrary units.
+they are the site of protein synthesis and
perform the process called transformation.
Which they arrange amino acids in their correct
order.
+The Rough endoplasmic reticulum has
ribosomes surrounded which they will fold to their correct
shape as they move along the RER which will then travel to
the Golgi apparatus via their transport vesicle.
+The Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum is smaller than the RER
and doesn’t produce enzymes/ proteins, instead the produce
lipids



+ “pitta bread”
+is given protein from RER via transport
vesicle
+final stage of protein modification: sugars
combine with prosthetic groups