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Samenvatting Weekdoelen 3.3

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Een uitwerking van de weekdoelen van week 3, module 3, aan de hand van de BOKS.

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September 11, 2022
Number of pages
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Written in
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Weekdoelen 3.3

1. Op celniveau aangeven welke structuren er zijn en hoe de energiestofwisseling
verloopt.


Mitochondriën
- Verbruik O2
- Productie CO2, warmte en water
- Voedingsstoffen → ATP
- Mitochondriale ziekten → overerving via eicel

Voedingsstoffen
Koolhydraten
- Bestaat uit C, H en O
- Mono / di / oligo / poly

Vetten
- C, H en O (meer C ten opzichte van O)
- Vetzuren
- Verzadigt (enkele bindingen)
- Onverzadigd (dubbele bindingen)
- Triglyceriden
- Fosfolipiden (membraan)
- Steriode (hormonen)

Eiwitten
- Aminozuren
- NH2, COOH
ATP
- Bestaat uit:
- Adenine
- Ribose
- 3 fosfaatgroepen
- ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + H+ + energie

,Productie van ATP
Glycolyse (2 ATP)
- afbraak van koolhydraten
- 10 enzymatische reacties
- Verbruikt geen O2
- Netto opbrengst per molecuul glucose:
- 2 pyruvaat
- 2 ATP

- Pyruvaat
- Anaeroob → Lactaat + H+ → 2 ATP
- Aeroob → Citroenzuurcyclus → 38 ATP




- Glucose + 2 ADP + 2NAD+ à 2 pyruvaat + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H+ + 2 H2O




Citroenzuurcyclus (2 ATP)
- In de matrix van de mitochondriën
- Pyruvaat wordt omgezet in acetyl CoA
- Onder invloed van pyruvaatdehydrogenase
- Levert ook 1 NADH + H+ en CO2 op
- Citroenzuurcyclus:
- 3 NADH + H+ en 1 FADH2 → oxidatieve fosforylering
- CO2 en H2O
- Gebruikt geen O2!
- Pyrodruivenzuur → 1 ATP
- 1 glucose → 2 pyrodruivenzuur → 2 ATP
- Totaal 1 glucose = 4 ATP

, Oxidatieve fosforylering ( 34 ATP)
- H+ ionen van NADH + H+ en FADH2 samen met zuurstof à water
- Co-enzymen komen weer beschikbaar voor citroenzuurcyclus, glycolyse of
beta-oxidatie
- ½ O2 + NADH + H+ → H2O + NAD+ + energie
- Binnenmembraan mitochondriën
- Eiwitten die reactie ondersteunen
- Eiwitten die vrijgekomen energie aan ATP koppelen:
- ATPase: kanaal waardoor H+ ionen met gradient mee naar binnen
kunnen stromen (chemiosmose)

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