EKG Rhythms (cheat Sheet)2022/2023 Exam

Normal Sinus Rhythm - ANSWER * Rate: 60-100 bpm * Rhythm: Normal * P Waves: Uniform and Upright, One before each QRS * PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 * QRS: <0.10 secs Sinus Bradycardia - ANSWER * Rate: <60 bpm * Rhythm: Regular * P Waves: Uniform and Upright, One before each QRS * PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 * QRS: 0.10 * Cause: Carotid massage, hypothermia, Valsalva maneuver. May lead to decreased BP/CO Syncope, CHF, Shock. May be normal for athletes. Sinus Tachycardia - ANSWER * Rate: 100-160 bpm * Rhythm: Regular * P Waves: Uniform and Upright, One before each QRS * PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds * QRS: <0.10 seconds * Cause: Fever, hypoxemia, decreased BP, hypovolemia, pain, sepsis, heart failure, bronchodilators, other meds Atrial Flutter - ANSWER * Rate: 60-100 bpm, may seem faster or slower * Rhythm: Irregular * P Waves: Uniform and Upright, one before each QRS * PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 sec * QRS: <0.10 ** Common with pulmonary disease, may return to normal or go to A-Fib, increased risk for embolism Atrial Fibrillation - ANSWER * Rate: Atrial rate >400 bpm, ventricular rate varies * Rhythm: Atrial and ventricular very irregular * P Waves: no identifiable P waves * PR Interval: None * QRS: Usually <0.10 secs Ventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER * Rate: Atrial rate not discernable, ventricular rate: 100-250 bpm Rhythm: Atrial not discernable, ventricular essentially regular P Waves: May be present or absent of present they have no set relationship to the QRS complexes appearing between the QRS at rate different from that of VT PR Interval: None QRS: Usually <0.12 seconds. Often difficult to differentiate between QRS and T Waves