AP European History Chapter 19 Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions

AP European History Chapter 19 Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions July 14, 1879 This was the largest Third Estate revolt as a result of Louis XVI getting mad at them for trying to make a new constitution. Louis had increased his troops at his arsenals in Paris to inflame public opinion. The Third Estate needed weapons and invaded Invalides and then Bastille, an armory/state prison. When the Bastille fell, it symbolized the defeat of despotism. The Bastille a royal armory and state prison. It's fall on July 14 1789 quickly became a popular symbol of the triumph of liberty over despotism July 4, 1776 The date of the writing of the American Declaration of Independence, which said that America was free from Britain in all ways. This in turn started a war between Britain and America. The Declaration was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson. Natural rights "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Yorktown Location where General Cornwallis, British commander, surrendered to Washington with a French and American army and a French fleet. The Constitution of 1789 Congress proposed twelve amendments to the Constitution and the ten that were ratified are now known as the Bill of Rights. The reason the Constitution passed through was the promise of adding a bill of rights. It incorporated very Enlightened ideas. Bill of Rights the ten amendments to the United States Constitution that were ratified by the states in March of 1789 The Marquis de Lafayette a French officer who served in the American war to strike a blow against England. He returned to France with ideas of individual liberties and notions of republicanism and popular sovereignty, and became a member of the Society of Thirty which was influential in the early stages of the French Revolution First and Second Estates Former: Made up of clergy. Rich were higher up and stemmed from aristocratic families and the poor were parish priests. 130,000 people. Latter: Nobility. Divided into nobles of the robe -- gaining an office -- and nobles of the sword -- family line. Took part in mining or metallurgical practices by owning or investing. Had most postitions in military, church, and government. Both Estates exempt from taille but clergy agreed to give a contribution every five years. The taille Chief tax of France. The First and Second Estates were both exempt from this tax, leaving it all to the Third Estate. Third Estate everyone besides the clergy and the nobility in the kingdom, although the reps. were primarily wealthy members of the middle class. Reps made it clear that they would not allow the monarch and the aristocracy to decide the future of the nation The Bourgeoisie the middle class, a group that included the merchants, industrialists, bankers and professionals such as lawyers, holders of public offices, doctors and writers. Upset by the fact that they did not receive the same privileges that the nobles did. Eventually some did transfer to the Second Estate. French Parlements French noble councils that regulated the legislation of the king. They decided if taxes would get passed or not. They could block edicts, making the financial problem in France even worse and upsetting the reform of France. Vote by order of by head? When the Estates-General was called because the state needed financial help, they offered raising taxes. This was the third time the Estates-General had met. The meeting was broken down in 300 First Estate, 300 Second Estate, and 600 Third Estate. The Third Estate received double representation because they made up the majority of the population. When voting for what to reform it was question by First Estate winning or by number (Third Estate essentially) Abbe Sieyes wrote an essay called "What is the Third Estate?" Argued that lower classes were more important than the nobles and the government should be responsible to the people. The royal council responded by doubling the size of the Third Estate's representative body in the Estates-General. The National Assembly members of the Third Estate broke away from the Estates-General, and with some of the other Estates members, formed this new legislative body The Tennis Court Oath the oath that the representatives of the third estate took when they swore that they would never disband until they had proper representation Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen the charter of basic liberties that reflected the ideas of the French Enlightenment and also owed much to the American Declaration of Independence and American State Constitutions Olympe de Gouges A proponent of democracy, she demanded the same rights for French women that French men were demanding for themselves. In her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791), she challenged the practice of male authority and the notion of male-female inequality. She lost her life to the guillotine due to her revolutionary ideas. "we are bringing back the baker" Armed women in large mass marched to Versailles and demanded bread, made Louis XVI come back to Paris. So they brought back flour and sang this phrase over and over. Civil Constitution of the Clergy Secularized the church and made bishops and priests elected and paid for by the state. Began to require an oath, but the pope forbid. The Jacobins members of a nation-wide network of political clubs that offered radical solutions to France's problems during the French Revolution. First emerged as radical deputies. They had clubs in the provinces. They were upset with the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. Joined an extensive correspondence network. Escape to Varnnes Louis XVI was still trusted by the bourgeoisie. He tried to run away because he was upset with the revolution. He tried to leave France but was found and captured at Varnnes. The National Assembly ignored it and pretended that he was kidnapped. Declaration of Pillnitz Issued by Leopold II and Frederick William II, this promised that Austria and Prussia would intervene in France to protect the royal family and preserve the monarchy if the other major European powers agreed. Paris Commune The radical small government in France that asked the Legislative Assembly to call for the election by universal male suffrage of a new assembly to write a democratic constitution. Sans-Culottes Meaning "without breeches", these were Parisian working people who were hostile to the aristocracy and fiercely republican. However, they feared representative government.They teamed up with the Jacobins to carry out a second revolution. Georges Danton one of the leaders of the Mountain. He was the sans culottes minister of justice and helped kill all those who helped the king. He helped to solve the overcrowded prison problem. National Convention French radical legislative body called to write a democratic revolution. Artisans, lawyers, professionals, and property owners. They all disliked the monarchy, abolished it and built a republic. They stopped agreeing and split. The two main factions were Girondins and The