LECTURE NOTES: Schizophrenia
CLASS DISCUSSION
Schizophrenia
● In 0809, it was conceptualized simply as a form of insanity.
● In 1860, it was given a label of its own and that is dementia praecox.
● Dementia praecox means that it was a premature loss of the mind.
● In 1911, it was coined and schizophrenia means sight and mind.
● It is important to note that this did not note split-mindedness or that there were two
distinct personalities.
● It meant more of a shattered personality.
● It was felt that the most prominent feature was the tearing apart of an individual's psychic
functions.
Emil Kraepelin
● He was the first to suggest that dementia started in early adolescence and it's all due to
a long-term chronic course.
● He recognized that it was due to brain deterioration.
● He distinguished three subtypes of this dementia.
Three Subtypes of Dementia
● The first is catatonia:
○ During that time, someone alternated between mobility and excited agitation.
● The second is a premium:
○ That individual demonstrated silly and immature emotionality.
● The third is paranoia:
○ That individual demonstrated delusions of grandeur or persecution.
Fundamental Aspects
● This more on fundamental diagnostic features were isolated or associations and those
are the logical thought processes that one has some schizophrenia and altered.
○ First aspect:
■ The speech began to lose coherence.
■ This person might create their own words, according to Sartre'sNational
Socialism.
■ We can hear there's no logic to any of that thought process.
○ Second aspect:
■ The effect is the observable manifestation of a person's mind or emotions.
■ We see diminished emotions and a very slight blunted affect.
■ It is feeling disconnected or an appearance of disconnect from
surrounding events in an overall emotional difference.
○ Third aspect:
■ It is known as autism.
■ This is when there is a significant impairment in social interactions in
communication areas.
, LECTURE NOTES: Schizophrenia
■ It is demonstrating restricted patterns of behavior interest.
○ Last aspect:
■ It is ambivalence.
■ Ambivalence is when there are positive and negative values that exist
simultaneously.
■ The individual shows complete uncertainty about taking a particular
direction.
■ They might vacillate between different perspectives or different courses of
action.
The Symptoms
● In the 1930s, they added the terminology of first and second rank symptoms.
● They are now known as positive and negative symptoms.
○ The positive symptoms.
■ They are those psychotic signs like delusions and all those nations that
have been added to the individual.
○ The negative symptoms.
■ They are symptoms that are noticeably absent in the person with
schizophrenia.
■ They are present in those without the disease but they are absent in
those with the disease.
The DSM Five
● That includes abnormalities in one or more of the following.
● It is a domain of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized,
abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms.
The Criteria
● Criteria A:
○ It is a significant portion of time during one month, and at least one of these must
be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
● Criteria B:
○ It is a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, that the
level of functioning has been significantly impacted.
The Disturbance
● It persists for at least six months.
● They can rule out schizoaffective, depressive, or bipolar disorder.
● They're able to rule out that it is not due to a substance or any other alcohol condition.
Prevalence of Schizophrenia
● This is a disease that typically develops between the late teens and mid-thirties and
peak age at onset for the first psychotic episode.
● It is early to mid-twenties for males and it's in the late twenties for females.
CLASS DISCUSSION
Schizophrenia
● In 0809, it was conceptualized simply as a form of insanity.
● In 1860, it was given a label of its own and that is dementia praecox.
● Dementia praecox means that it was a premature loss of the mind.
● In 1911, it was coined and schizophrenia means sight and mind.
● It is important to note that this did not note split-mindedness or that there were two
distinct personalities.
● It meant more of a shattered personality.
● It was felt that the most prominent feature was the tearing apart of an individual's psychic
functions.
Emil Kraepelin
● He was the first to suggest that dementia started in early adolescence and it's all due to
a long-term chronic course.
● He recognized that it was due to brain deterioration.
● He distinguished three subtypes of this dementia.
Three Subtypes of Dementia
● The first is catatonia:
○ During that time, someone alternated between mobility and excited agitation.
● The second is a premium:
○ That individual demonstrated silly and immature emotionality.
● The third is paranoia:
○ That individual demonstrated delusions of grandeur or persecution.
Fundamental Aspects
● This more on fundamental diagnostic features were isolated or associations and those
are the logical thought processes that one has some schizophrenia and altered.
○ First aspect:
■ The speech began to lose coherence.
■ This person might create their own words, according to Sartre'sNational
Socialism.
■ We can hear there's no logic to any of that thought process.
○ Second aspect:
■ The effect is the observable manifestation of a person's mind or emotions.
■ We see diminished emotions and a very slight blunted affect.
■ It is feeling disconnected or an appearance of disconnect from
surrounding events in an overall emotional difference.
○ Third aspect:
■ It is known as autism.
■ This is when there is a significant impairment in social interactions in
communication areas.
, LECTURE NOTES: Schizophrenia
■ It is demonstrating restricted patterns of behavior interest.
○ Last aspect:
■ It is ambivalence.
■ Ambivalence is when there are positive and negative values that exist
simultaneously.
■ The individual shows complete uncertainty about taking a particular
direction.
■ They might vacillate between different perspectives or different courses of
action.
The Symptoms
● In the 1930s, they added the terminology of first and second rank symptoms.
● They are now known as positive and negative symptoms.
○ The positive symptoms.
■ They are those psychotic signs like delusions and all those nations that
have been added to the individual.
○ The negative symptoms.
■ They are symptoms that are noticeably absent in the person with
schizophrenia.
■ They are present in those without the disease but they are absent in
those with the disease.
The DSM Five
● That includes abnormalities in one or more of the following.
● It is a domain of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized,
abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms.
The Criteria
● Criteria A:
○ It is a significant portion of time during one month, and at least one of these must
be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
● Criteria B:
○ It is a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, that the
level of functioning has been significantly impacted.
The Disturbance
● It persists for at least six months.
● They can rule out schizoaffective, depressive, or bipolar disorder.
● They're able to rule out that it is not due to a substance or any other alcohol condition.
Prevalence of Schizophrenia
● This is a disease that typically develops between the late teens and mid-thirties and
peak age at onset for the first psychotic episode.
● It is early to mid-twenties for males and it's in the late twenties for females.
