CHAPTER 6: EMOTION AND AFFECT:
Emotion:
-Fully developed conscious state that is linked to some event.
-Emotions have both mental and physical aspects.
Mental aspects include:
Subjective feelings and interpretations
Physical aspects include:
A racing heartbeat or tears
-It is a reaction to something and the person who has the emotion
knows it.
Example: You may feel angry because someone insulted you, or
happy because you got an ‘A’ on your test.
Mood:
-A feeling state that is not linked to some event.
Example: You may not know why you are in a good or bad mood,
but you do know that you feel happy or sad
Affect:
-A result of mapping all emotions onto a single good–bad dimension.
-Positive affect encompasses all good emotions
Example: Joy, bliss, happiness, love, and contentment.
- Negative affect encompasses all bad emotions
Example: Anger, anxiety, and fear.
-Other researchers use affect to refer to emotion-type reactions that
can occur regardless of consciousness.
-The limbic brain region regulates emotions.
,Conscious emotion:
-A powerful, single (unified) feeling state.
Automatic affect:
-Liking or disliking
-Good and bad feelings toward something
Affect:
-Automatic response that something is good or bad.
- Liking versus disliking.
-Affective reactions to things that are ‘good’ and ‘bad’ are automatic
and very fast
-May occur outside of consciousness.
Arousal:
-Physiological response that occurs within the body.
-It includes a faster heartbeat and faster or heavier breathing.
-It is a general bodily state.
James–Lange theory of emotion:
-Proposed in 1884 by American psychologist William James and
Danish psychologist Carl Lange.
-Bodily changes directly follow the perception of the exciting fact,
and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the
emotion.
-The bodily processes of emotion come first, and the mind’s
perception of these bodily reactions then creates the subjective
feeling of emotion.
Example: When we meet a bear, we are frightened and start
running
, PICTURE EXPLANING THE THEORY OF EMOTION:
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
-Different emotions must arise from different bodily responses.
-Tears are a sign of intense feeling.
Facial feedback hypothesis:
-Facial expressions can evoke or magnify emotions because the brain
reacts to what the facial muscles are doing.
-It holds that if you are smiling, you will enjoy things more than if you
are frowning.
Botox injections:
-Are used to reduce wrinkles and other signs of aging, by preventing
the muscles from moving, and so stopping the person from frowning
or moving in another way that will cause wrinkles.
-Can have an unintended negative side effect – they reduce muscular
feedback from the face, so the brain doesn’t get all the usual input
that helps it process emotional information.
Schachter-Singer theory of emotion:
-Proposed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer in the 1960s.
Emotion:
-Fully developed conscious state that is linked to some event.
-Emotions have both mental and physical aspects.
Mental aspects include:
Subjective feelings and interpretations
Physical aspects include:
A racing heartbeat or tears
-It is a reaction to something and the person who has the emotion
knows it.
Example: You may feel angry because someone insulted you, or
happy because you got an ‘A’ on your test.
Mood:
-A feeling state that is not linked to some event.
Example: You may not know why you are in a good or bad mood,
but you do know that you feel happy or sad
Affect:
-A result of mapping all emotions onto a single good–bad dimension.
-Positive affect encompasses all good emotions
Example: Joy, bliss, happiness, love, and contentment.
- Negative affect encompasses all bad emotions
Example: Anger, anxiety, and fear.
-Other researchers use affect to refer to emotion-type reactions that
can occur regardless of consciousness.
-The limbic brain region regulates emotions.
,Conscious emotion:
-A powerful, single (unified) feeling state.
Automatic affect:
-Liking or disliking
-Good and bad feelings toward something
Affect:
-Automatic response that something is good or bad.
- Liking versus disliking.
-Affective reactions to things that are ‘good’ and ‘bad’ are automatic
and very fast
-May occur outside of consciousness.
Arousal:
-Physiological response that occurs within the body.
-It includes a faster heartbeat and faster or heavier breathing.
-It is a general bodily state.
James–Lange theory of emotion:
-Proposed in 1884 by American psychologist William James and
Danish psychologist Carl Lange.
-Bodily changes directly follow the perception of the exciting fact,
and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the
emotion.
-The bodily processes of emotion come first, and the mind’s
perception of these bodily reactions then creates the subjective
feeling of emotion.
Example: When we meet a bear, we are frightened and start
running
, PICTURE EXPLANING THE THEORY OF EMOTION:
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
-Different emotions must arise from different bodily responses.
-Tears are a sign of intense feeling.
Facial feedback hypothesis:
-Facial expressions can evoke or magnify emotions because the brain
reacts to what the facial muscles are doing.
-It holds that if you are smiling, you will enjoy things more than if you
are frowning.
Botox injections:
-Are used to reduce wrinkles and other signs of aging, by preventing
the muscles from moving, and so stopping the person from frowning
or moving in another way that will cause wrinkles.
-Can have an unintended negative side effect – they reduce muscular
feedback from the face, so the brain doesn’t get all the usual input
that helps it process emotional information.
Schachter-Singer theory of emotion:
-Proposed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer in the 1960s.
