CORE CONCEPTS OF NURSING CARE
MODULE EXAM 3PART 2
perfusio the dissemination of oxygenated blood to the body
tissue
circulatory syste what is the driver for perfusion
circulatory syste this is similar to the plumbing system in a
home (water, not sewer). it requires a pump (heart). it requires
pipes (arteries & veins). it is a system under pressure (if it is
opened, it loses pressure - bleeding). it requires that the pump
keep working & the pipes stay open & clear. this also requires
trucks (RBCs) to carry the oxygen to the tissues of the body
hear this has 4 chambers (2 atria & 2 ventricles) and 4
valves
normal order of the heartbea the 2 atria contract at the same
time. the mitral & tricuspid valves close at the same time (S1). the
2 ventricles contract at the same time. the pulmonic and aortic
valves close at the same time (S2)
cardiac muscle cell these are unique in that any cell can initiate
the electrical impulse to make the heart beat (self-excitation), but
the electrical conduction pathway inhibits this (unless the impulse
does not come!
sinoatrial (SA this node normally initiates the electrical impulse
that causes the heart to bea
60-10 the intrinsic heart rate is how many bpm
action potential possibl the ion exchange across the cell
membrane of the cardiac cells (sodium, potassium, calcium)
makes the what
depolarizatio = release of energ
action potentia this causes depolarization and contraction
(systole) to occu
repolarize during diastole (rest & recharge energy for the next
action potential as the ion exchange reverses, the cells do
what
electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG the action potential's energy
can be displayed on the what
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, systol (contraction/depolarization of the ventricles) - the
ventricles contract & eject blood into the pulmonary artery & aort
diastol relaxation/repolarization of the ventricles - the atria
contract while the ventricles rest & re l
stroke volum amount of blood ejected from ventricles per beat
(60-100 ml/beat, avg 70 ml/beat
cardiac outpu HR x SV (amount of blood ejected from the
ventricles in one minute, 4-8 ml/min
ejection fractio % of blood ejected during systole measured
during an echocardiogram (55-70%
heart rat affected by autonomic nervous system and
baroreceptor
preloa how much the heart has to stretch as it lls (affected by
volume and compliance of the heart muscle bers
afterloa how hard the ventricles have to work to eject the blood
(affected by vascular resistance [pressure]
contractilit how well (strongly) the cardiac muscle can
contrac
arteries & vein these make up the "pipes" to circulate
oxygenated blood to the body tissues and bac
arterie these have both elastic & muscle bers to allow for the
normal pulsation of the blood under pressure, as well as
vasoconstriction & vasodilatio
arterial syste this is a major factor in peripheral vascular
resistance: smaller diameter of inner lumen (from
vasoconstriction, in ammation or development of plaque).
decreased compliance (elasticity) of the arterial walls
vein these depend on muscle contraction of the limbs and
internal valves to keep blood owing back to the hear
blood pressur this is essential for perfusion
low blood pressur this will harm or kill you fast
high blood pressur this will harm or kill you later (small amounts
of damage over a long period of time
This study source was downloaded by 100000849838140 from CourseHero.com on 08-30-2022 12:55:38 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/101918411/Core-Concepts-of-Nursing-Care-Module-3-Exam-Part-2pdf/
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MODULE EXAM 3PART 2
perfusio the dissemination of oxygenated blood to the body
tissue
circulatory syste what is the driver for perfusion
circulatory syste this is similar to the plumbing system in a
home (water, not sewer). it requires a pump (heart). it requires
pipes (arteries & veins). it is a system under pressure (if it is
opened, it loses pressure - bleeding). it requires that the pump
keep working & the pipes stay open & clear. this also requires
trucks (RBCs) to carry the oxygen to the tissues of the body
hear this has 4 chambers (2 atria & 2 ventricles) and 4
valves
normal order of the heartbea the 2 atria contract at the same
time. the mitral & tricuspid valves close at the same time (S1). the
2 ventricles contract at the same time. the pulmonic and aortic
valves close at the same time (S2)
cardiac muscle cell these are unique in that any cell can initiate
the electrical impulse to make the heart beat (self-excitation), but
the electrical conduction pathway inhibits this (unless the impulse
does not come!
sinoatrial (SA this node normally initiates the electrical impulse
that causes the heart to bea
60-10 the intrinsic heart rate is how many bpm
action potential possibl the ion exchange across the cell
membrane of the cardiac cells (sodium, potassium, calcium)
makes the what
depolarizatio = release of energ
action potentia this causes depolarization and contraction
(systole) to occu
repolarize during diastole (rest & recharge energy for the next
action potential as the ion exchange reverses, the cells do
what
electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG the action potential's energy
can be displayed on the what
This study source was downloaded by 100000849838140 from CourseHero.com on 08-30-2022 12:55:38 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/101918411/Core-Concepts-of-Nursing-Care-Module-3-Exam-Part-2pdf/
t ?
0
s
.
n n ) l ) )
?
m
r
s e t
t ?
) y
.
?
?
.
, systol (contraction/depolarization of the ventricles) - the
ventricles contract & eject blood into the pulmonary artery & aort
diastol relaxation/repolarization of the ventricles - the atria
contract while the ventricles rest & re l
stroke volum amount of blood ejected from ventricles per beat
(60-100 ml/beat, avg 70 ml/beat
cardiac outpu HR x SV (amount of blood ejected from the
ventricles in one minute, 4-8 ml/min
ejection fractio % of blood ejected during systole measured
during an echocardiogram (55-70%
heart rat affected by autonomic nervous system and
baroreceptor
preloa how much the heart has to stretch as it lls (affected by
volume and compliance of the heart muscle bers
afterloa how hard the ventricles have to work to eject the blood
(affected by vascular resistance [pressure]
contractilit how well (strongly) the cardiac muscle can
contrac
arteries & vein these make up the "pipes" to circulate
oxygenated blood to the body tissues and bac
arterie these have both elastic & muscle bers to allow for the
normal pulsation of the blood under pressure, as well as
vasoconstriction & vasodilatio
arterial syste this is a major factor in peripheral vascular
resistance: smaller diameter of inner lumen (from
vasoconstriction, in ammation or development of plaque).
decreased compliance (elasticity) of the arterial walls
vein these depend on muscle contraction of the limbs and
internal valves to keep blood owing back to the hear
blood pressur this is essential for perfusion
low blood pressur this will harm or kill you fast
high blood pressur this will harm or kill you later (small amounts
of damage over a long period of time
This study source was downloaded by 100000849838140 from CourseHero.com on 08-30-2022 12:55:38 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/101918411/Core-Concepts-of-Nursing-Care-Module-3-Exam-Part-2pdf/
s e
d
s
e t
d e y m
e
s
t e s
n e e fl fl
n
)
)
)
)
fi l
)
!
fi
fi k
.
fi
)
.
t
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