Samenvatting Beknopt overzicht van de belangrijkste processen uit H10 celrespiration

H10. Celrespiration
Inhoudsopgave

E flow & recycleren v E ................................................................................................................................... 2

Dehydrogenase (H wegnemen & naar NAD+ brengen).................................................................................... 2

Elektronentransportketen .............................................................................................................................. 2

Celademhaling geheel .................................................................................................................................... 3

Substraatlevel fosforylatie ............................................................................................................................. 3

Fases glycolyse ............................................................................................................................................... 3

,Figure 10.2
E flow & recycleren v E
Light
energy

ECOSYSTEM


Photosynthesis
in chloroplasts Organic
CO2 + H2O + O2
molecules
Cellular respiration
in mitochondria




Figure 10.UN04
ATP powers
ATP
most cellular work

Heat
energy



Dehydrogenase (H wegnemen & naar NAD+ brengen)
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Dehydrogenase



Als elektronenacceptor functioneert NAD+ als oxidatiemiddel tijdens cellulaire ademhaling
Elke NADH (de gereduceerde vorm van NAD+) vertegenwoordigt opgeslagen energie die
wordt aangeboord om ATP te synthetiseren

Elektronentransportketen
Figure 10.5
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H2 + ½ O2 2H + ½ O2


Controlled
release of
2 H+ + 2 e– energy
Elec chain
Free energy, G




Free energy, G




ATP
tron




Explosive ATP
release of
tran




energy ATP
spo




2 e–
rt




½ O2
2 H+


H2O H2O

(a) Uncontrolled reaction (b) Cellular respiration

Belangrijk dat e- van een brandstof geleidelijk aan weggenomen worden (oxideren)
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Er worden telkens 2 e- weggenomrn Meestal door NADH
Tijdens naar beneden gaan wordt er ATP gemaakt

, Figure 10.6_3


Celademhaling geheel

Electrons Electrons
via NADH via NADH
and FADH2



GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE OXIDATIVE
OXIDATION CITRIC PHOSPHORYLATION
ACID
Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl CoA CYCLE (Electron transport
and chemiosmosis)

CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION

Figure 10.7



ATP ATP ATP

Substrate-level Substrate-level Oxidative


Substraatlevel fosforylatie
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Enzyme Enzyme

ADP
P
ATP
Substrate
Product
= substraat level fosforylatie (in glycolyse & citroenzurcyclus) (beetje ATP)

Figure 10.8
Fases glycolyse
Energy Investment Phase
Glucose
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2 ATP used 2 ADP + 2 P



Energy Payoff Phase
4 ADP + 4 P 4 ATP formed


2 NAD+ + 4 e– + 4 H+ 2 NADH + 2 H+

2 Pyruvate + 2 H2O

Net
Glucose 2 Pyruvate + 2 H2O
4 ATP formed – 2 ATP used 2 ATP
2 NAD+ + 4 e– +4 H+ 2 NADH + 2 H+
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, GLYCOLYSIS: Energy Investment Phase
Glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate (G3P)

ATP Glucose Fructose Fructose
ATP
Glucose 6-phosphate 6-phosphate 1,6-bisphosphate
ADP ADP
Isomerase
5
Hexokinase Phosphogluco- Phospho- Aldolase Dihydroxyacetone
isomerase fructokinase
1 4 phosphate (DHAP)
2 3
Figure 10.9b




1. Fosforyleren
2. Herschikking: glucose è fructose
3. Fosforyleren
4. In 2 breken: G3P kan verder reageren
DHAP niet è via isomerase omgezet naar G3P

GLYCOLYSIS: Energy Payoff Phase
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2 ATP 2 ATP
2 NADH 2 H2O
2 ADP
2 NAD+ + 2 H+ 2 ADP 2 2 2 2
2

Triose Phospho- Phospho- Enolase Pyruvate
phosphate 2 P glycerokinase glyceromutase kinase
Glycer- dehydrogenase
i
9
aldehyde 1,3-Bisphospho- 7 3-Phospho- 8 2-Phospho- Phosphoenol- 10 Pyruvate
6
3-phosphate glycerate glycerate glycerate pyruvate (PEP)
(G3P)

1. 2 NAD+ toevoegen (stelen 2H+ è 2 NADH) (2P komt er random bij)
2. 2 ADP toevoegen è 2 ATP
3. Herschikking (P gaat v C3 naar C2)
Figure 10.104. Water komt vrij è PEP
5. 2 ADP toevoegen è 2 ATP


MITOCHONDRION
CYTOSOL
Coenzyme A
CO2
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1 3


2

NAD+ NADH + H+ Acetyl CoA
Pyruvate

Transport protein

1. CO2 komt vrij (ook een proton + 2 e-)
2. NAD+ è NADH + H+
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3. Coenzym A toevoegen