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Samenvatting Communicatiewetenschap Communicatiewetenschappen

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Samenvatting Communicatiewetenschap Communicatiewetenschappen

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August 18, 2022
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2022/2023
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lOMoARcPSD|15781725




Communicatiewetenschap

H2 : BASISCONCEPTEN EN MODELLEN.....................................................................................................................9

1. INLEIDING..........................................................................................................................................................9

2. WAT IS COMMUNICATIE ?................................................................................................................................9

3. BREEKPUNTEN.................................................................................................................................................10

intentionaliteit............................................................................................................................................10

geslaagdheid...............................................................................................................................................10

richting........................................................................................................................................................10

observatieniveau.........................................................................................................................................11

4. ELEMENTEN COMMUNICATIEPROCES............................................................................................................11

zender (technisch apparaat) / bron (persoon)...........................................................................................11
ontvanger (technisch apparaat) / bestemmeling (persoon).......................................................................11

boodschap...................................................................................................................................................12

signaal.........................................................................................................................................................13

kanaal..........................................................................................................................................................13

medium / media..........................................................................................................................................13

ruis...............................................................................................................................................................14

feedback......................................................................................................................................................15

5. COMMUNICATIEMODELLEN...........................................................................................................................15

lasswell : communicatieformule (1948)......................................................................................................15

shannon & weaver : mathematisch model (1949)......................................................................................16

defleur : verdere uitwerking model shannon & weaver (1970).................................................................16

osgood & schramm : circulair model (1954)...............................................................................................17

dance : spiraal (1967)..................................................................................................................................17

gerbner : algemeen model..........................................................................................................................17
Newcomb : ABX-model (1953)....................................................................................................................18

Westley & macleans : aanpassing model newcomb...................................................................................18

eerste aanpassing....................................................................................................................................18

tweede aanpassing..................................................................................................................................19

maletzke : massacommunicatiemodel (1963)............................................................................................19

carey : ritueel model (1975)........................................................................................................................20

mcquail : aandachtsmodel (1987)...............................................................................................................20

6. DOCUMENTAIRE : CODES OF GENDER............................................................................................................21




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H3. VERBALE COMMUNICATIE = communicatie via woorden................................................................................22

1. INLEIDING........................................................................................................................................................22

2. KENMERKEN ‘NATUURLIJKE TAAL’..................................................................................................................22

taal is symbolisch (signifiant + signifié).......................................................................................................22

taal is een kennisgeheel..............................................................................................................................22

taal bestaat uit regels en is productief.......................................................................................................23

taal beïnvloedt ons beeld van de werkelijkheid.........................................................................................23

3. TAALVORMEN.................................................................................................................................................23

4. STUDIE VAN TAAL............................................................................................................................................24

5. SUBSYSTEMEN VAN TAAL...............................................................................................................................24
fonologie – klankenstysteem......................................................................................................................24

semantiek – woorden.................................................................................................................................25

syntaxis – zinnen.........................................................................................................................................25

pragmatiek – sociale context......................................................................................................................25

functioneel structuralisme (jakobson)....................................................................................................26

Speech acts theory (taalhandelingstheorie)...........................................................................................26

6. PRAGMATISCHE STIJLEN EN STUCTUREN.......................................................................................................26

7. INTERACTIEF DISCOURS: coherentie en structuur..........................................................................................27

coördinatie van conversatiebijdragen........................................................................................................27

small talk.....................................................................................................................................................28

8. TAAL EN SOCIALE IDENTITEIT..........................................................................................................................29

9. TAAL EN CULTURELE VERSCHILLEN.................................................................................................................29




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H4. NON-VERBALE COMMUNICATIE = de manier waarop men iets zegt, de toon................................................30

1. KENMERKEN NON-VERBALE COMMUNICATIE...............................................................................................30

(on)bedoeld.................................................................................................................................................30

verschillende codes.....................................................................................................................................30

onmiddellijk, continue en natuurlijk...........................................................................................................31

universeel (aangeboren) en cultureel (aangeleerd)...................................................................................31

2. WAARVOOR IS NON-VERBALE COMMUNCIATIE BELANGRIJK........................................................................31

eerste indrukken.........................................................................................................................................31

relationele informatie.................................................................................................................................31

emoties uitdrukken.....................................................................................................................................32

3. NON-VERBALE VS. VERBALE COMMUNICATIE................................................................................................32
minder controleerbaar................................................................................................................................32

fylogenese...................................................................................................................................................32

interactie.....................................................................................................................................................32

4. KINESICS..........................................................................................................................................................33

categorieën kinesics (ekman en friesen).....................................................................................................33

lichaamshouding.........................................................................................................................................33

gelaatsuitdrukkingen...................................................................................................................................34

ooggedrag...................................................................................................................................................34

5. PROXEMICS: TERRIOTRIALITEIT EN RUIMTEGEBRUIK.....................................................................................34

soorten territoria en inbreuken..................................................................................................................34

ruimtegebruik: zit- en kantoorindeling.......................................................................................................35

persoonlijke ruimte.....................................................................................................................................35

6. HAPTICS...........................................................................................................................................................36

7. CHRONEMICS..................................................................................................................................................36
8. FYSIEKE KENMERKEN......................................................................................................................................36

9. PARALINGUÏSTIEK............................................................................................................................................37

10. HOE ZIET NON-VERBALE COMMUNICATIE ERUIT IN EEN ONLINE CONTEXT...............................................38




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H5. INTERPERSOONLIJKE & GROEPSCOMMUNICATIE............................................................................................39

1. INTERPERSOONLIJKE COMMUNICATIE...........................................................................................................39

1.1 speciale vorm van dyadische communicatie............................................................................................39

1.2 de ontwikkeling van interpersoonlijke relaties.........................................................................................40

toenaderings – en verwijderingsfasen........................................................................................................40

interpersoonlijke aantrekkingskracht: de filtertheorie..............................................................................41

zelfonthulling in de ontwikkeling van interpersoonlijke relaties................................................................42

online interacties.........................................................................................................................................43

1.3 (potentiële) probleemaspecten binnen relaties.......................................................................................43

2. GROEPSCOMMUNICATIE................................................................................................................................44

2.1 wat is een groep?......................................................................................................................................44
omvang van groepen..................................................................................................................................44

aard van de groep.......................................................................................................................................44

groepsstructuur...........................................................................................................................................45

groepsleiderschap.......................................................................................................................................45

2.2 groepsprocessen.......................................................................................................................................46

het binnenkomen in een groep...................................................................................................................46

groepsontwikkeling.....................................................................................................................................46

groepsnormen en conformisme.................................................................................................................47




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