Chapter 1—Studying Personality: Assessment, Research, and Theory
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. We research theories of personality to
a. agree with all theorists on their own personality theories.
b. describe their use for real-world problems.
c. show how personality theories are superior to any other theories.
d. generalize that all people are the same across cultures.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
2. Understanding and knowing your own personality
a. will help you to diagnose others that are different from you.
b. will help you find compatible people in your life.
c. will help you to avoid people who are not perfect for your life.
d. will help determine your success and life fulfillment.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
3. We ________ personality in order to better understand ourselves and others.
a. correct c. judge
b. exaggerate d. ignore
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
4. Your personality can be shaped by
a. organic reflex reactions.
b. the number and variety of your social situations and interactions with others.
c. hypnosis.
d. adult neurosis.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
5. Wundt and others created the study of psychology but believed the subject was also linked to
a. the study of physics and chemistry.
b. the analysis of basic elements as they pertain to our mind.
c. culture and the variety of our interactions with people.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
6. Watson was a psychologist who focused on ___________ in the United States.
a. behaviorism c. existentialism
b. psychoanalysis d. cognitive processes
, ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
7. _______________ presents a mechanistic picture of human beings.
a. Psychoanalysis c. Medication
b. Education d. Behaviorism
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
8. Freud based his theory of personality on
a. the laboratory setting. c. clinical observation of his patients.
b. cognitive processing. d. behaviorism.
ANS: C PTS: 1
REF: The Place of Personality in the History of Psychology
9. Learned habits and response systems are attributed to
a. Jung. c. Skinner.
b. Watson. d. Freud.
ANS: C PTS: 1
REF: The Place of Personality in the History of Psychology
10. Behaviorism, according to __________, perceives human beings as well-ordered machines.
a. Skinner c. Jung
b. Watson d. Freud
ANS: B PTS: 1
REF: The Place of Personality in the History of Psychology
11. Neo-psychoanalysts focus on
a. their own interpretations of behavior.
b. behaviorism.
c. learned responses and habits.
d. the whole person in how they function in the real world.
ANS: D PTS: 1
REF: The Place of Personality in the History of Psychology
12. __________ is generally considered to have formalized the study of personality.
a. Freud c. Jung
b. Allport d. Skinner
ANS: B PTS: 1
REF: The Place of Personality in the History of Psychology
,13. Personality can be summed up by which of the following phrases?
a. Personality is how we perceive ourselves and also how others perceive us.
b. Personality shows that we are deterministic, mechanical and don’t change throughout our
lives.
c. Personality involves the interpretations of fantasies and past recollections of repressed
memories.
d. Personality is entirely based on how we were treated during childhood.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Definitions of Personality
14. Persona is
a. a person’s mechanistic behavior. c. like a mask used by actors in a play.
b. predictable and automatic. d. only what others think about us.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Definitions of Personality
MSC: WWW
15. Your personality can be
a. rigid and inflexible. c. based on traits and behavior.
b. constantly changing. d. all of the answers
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Definitions of Personality
16. Social networking sites, such as Facebook, can
a. increase an idealized self-image.
b. help a person pretend they are someone else.
c. be as accurate as face-to-face interactions in determining personality.
d. all the answers
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Personality, the Internet, and Social
Networking
17. In research, those who have a high level of social network use
a. are more extroverted.
b. are more introverted.
c. are more anxious.
d. score higher on tests of emotional stability.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Personality, the Internet, and Social
Networking
18. In research, shy American college students who use text messages were more likely to experience
a. a reduction in their feelings of loneliness. c. no change in their feelings of loneliness.
b. an increase in their fears of loneliness. d. an increase in emotional instability
, ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Personality, the Internet, and Social
Networking
19. In the past, ____ ____were more likely to be used in research on personality theory.
a. white women c. white men
b. Latino men d. black men
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Ethnic and Gender Issues in Personality
20. Children who are exposed to vastly different environments
a. have vastly different personalities.
b. are equally the same in personality.
c. are more isolated and lonely.
d. are likely to be more introverted than extroverted.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Ethnic and Gender Issues in Personality
MSC: WWW
21. Girls and boys are still reared according to
a. the norms of the neighborhood where they were raised.
b. the explicit wishes of the grandparents.
c. books on parenting.
d. traditional stereotypes.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Ethnic and Gender Issues in Personality
22. A research study from 1940 showed that those with more “masculine” jobs
a. report lower job satisfaction. c. report higher rates of depression.
b. report a higher mortality rate. d. report higher rates of job burnout.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ethnic and Gender Issues in Personality
23. A limiting factor in research of personality is that subjects
a. come from only cultural and ethnic samples.
b. are paid and easily conform to how the researcher wants them to respond.
c. are mostly college students.
d. are mostly children and adolescents in treatment.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Ethnic and Gender Issues in Personality
24. Reliability involves
a. consistent results on multiple administrations of a test.
b. a reliable indicator of the validity of a test.
c. a reliable score for the person taking the test.
d. a valid profile of a person taking a test.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Assessment in the Study of Personality
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. We research theories of personality to
a. agree with all theorists on their own personality theories.
b. describe their use for real-world problems.
c. show how personality theories are superior to any other theories.
d. generalize that all people are the same across cultures.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
2. Understanding and knowing your own personality
a. will help you to diagnose others that are different from you.
b. will help you find compatible people in your life.
c. will help you to avoid people who are not perfect for your life.
d. will help determine your success and life fulfillment.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
3. We ________ personality in order to better understand ourselves and others.
a. correct c. judge
b. exaggerate d. ignore
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
4. Your personality can be shaped by
a. organic reflex reactions.
b. the number and variety of your social situations and interactions with others.
c. hypnosis.
d. adult neurosis.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
5. Wundt and others created the study of psychology but believed the subject was also linked to
a. the study of physics and chemistry.
b. the analysis of basic elements as they pertain to our mind.
c. culture and the variety of our interactions with people.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
6. Watson was a psychologist who focused on ___________ in the United States.
a. behaviorism c. existentialism
b. psychoanalysis d. cognitive processes
, ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
7. _______________ presents a mechanistic picture of human beings.
a. Psychoanalysis c. Medication
b. Education d. Behaviorism
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: The Study of Personality
8. Freud based his theory of personality on
a. the laboratory setting. c. clinical observation of his patients.
b. cognitive processing. d. behaviorism.
ANS: C PTS: 1
REF: The Place of Personality in the History of Psychology
9. Learned habits and response systems are attributed to
a. Jung. c. Skinner.
b. Watson. d. Freud.
ANS: C PTS: 1
REF: The Place of Personality in the History of Psychology
10. Behaviorism, according to __________, perceives human beings as well-ordered machines.
a. Skinner c. Jung
b. Watson d. Freud
ANS: B PTS: 1
REF: The Place of Personality in the History of Psychology
11. Neo-psychoanalysts focus on
a. their own interpretations of behavior.
b. behaviorism.
c. learned responses and habits.
d. the whole person in how they function in the real world.
ANS: D PTS: 1
REF: The Place of Personality in the History of Psychology
12. __________ is generally considered to have formalized the study of personality.
a. Freud c. Jung
b. Allport d. Skinner
ANS: B PTS: 1
REF: The Place of Personality in the History of Psychology
,13. Personality can be summed up by which of the following phrases?
a. Personality is how we perceive ourselves and also how others perceive us.
b. Personality shows that we are deterministic, mechanical and don’t change throughout our
lives.
c. Personality involves the interpretations of fantasies and past recollections of repressed
memories.
d. Personality is entirely based on how we were treated during childhood.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Definitions of Personality
14. Persona is
a. a person’s mechanistic behavior. c. like a mask used by actors in a play.
b. predictable and automatic. d. only what others think about us.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Definitions of Personality
MSC: WWW
15. Your personality can be
a. rigid and inflexible. c. based on traits and behavior.
b. constantly changing. d. all of the answers
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Definitions of Personality
16. Social networking sites, such as Facebook, can
a. increase an idealized self-image.
b. help a person pretend they are someone else.
c. be as accurate as face-to-face interactions in determining personality.
d. all the answers
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Personality, the Internet, and Social
Networking
17. In research, those who have a high level of social network use
a. are more extroverted.
b. are more introverted.
c. are more anxious.
d. score higher on tests of emotional stability.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Personality, the Internet, and Social
Networking
18. In research, shy American college students who use text messages were more likely to experience
a. a reduction in their feelings of loneliness. c. no change in their feelings of loneliness.
b. an increase in their fears of loneliness. d. an increase in emotional instability
, ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Personality, the Internet, and Social
Networking
19. In the past, ____ ____were more likely to be used in research on personality theory.
a. white women c. white men
b. Latino men d. black men
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Ethnic and Gender Issues in Personality
20. Children who are exposed to vastly different environments
a. have vastly different personalities.
b. are equally the same in personality.
c. are more isolated and lonely.
d. are likely to be more introverted than extroverted.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Ethnic and Gender Issues in Personality
MSC: WWW
21. Girls and boys are still reared according to
a. the norms of the neighborhood where they were raised.
b. the explicit wishes of the grandparents.
c. books on parenting.
d. traditional stereotypes.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Ethnic and Gender Issues in Personality
22. A research study from 1940 showed that those with more “masculine” jobs
a. report lower job satisfaction. c. report higher rates of depression.
b. report a higher mortality rate. d. report higher rates of job burnout.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ethnic and Gender Issues in Personality
23. A limiting factor in research of personality is that subjects
a. come from only cultural and ethnic samples.
b. are paid and easily conform to how the researcher wants them to respond.
c. are mostly college students.
d. are mostly children and adolescents in treatment.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Ethnic and Gender Issues in Personality
24. Reliability involves
a. consistent results on multiple administrations of a test.
b. a reliable indicator of the validity of a test.
c. a reliable score for the person taking the test.
d. a valid profile of a person taking a test.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Assessment in the Study of Personality
