ASWB Exam 2022 Questions and Answers

Dysthymic Disorder - ANSWER A chronic depression that is insufficient in severity to merit diagnosis of a major depressive episode. Cyclothymic Disorder - ANSWER A mood disorder characterized by moderate but frequent mood swings that are not severe enough to qualify as bipolar disorder. Major Depression Disorder - ANSWER a disorder causing periodic disturbances in mood that affect concentration, sleep, activity, appetite, and social behavior; characterized by feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, and loss of interest Haldol - ANSWER Antipsychotic Medication Wellbutrin - ANSWER Antidepressant Xanax - ANSWER Antianxiety Agent Prozac - ANSWER (Fluoxetine) Antidepressant SSRI Grandiosity - ANSWER Exaggerated feelings of ones importance, power, knowledge, or identity Delusions - ANSWER -False beliefs about external reality without an appropriate stimulus that cannot be explained by the individual's intelligence or cultural background Ideas of Reference - ANSWER often seen in paranoid patients; they personalize unrelated events EXAMPLE: see the nurse talking to the therapist and think they are talking about him/her. Cocaine Side Effects - ANSWER extremely more toxic including CNS effects and dependence, very damaging to corneal epithelium. Hallucinations, confusion, and restlessness. Chills, dilated pupils, and nausea. Marijuana Side Effects - ANSWER Lack of motivation and reduced productivity, apathy, poor short term memory, difficulty with concentration. Barbituates - ANSWER drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but imparing memory and judgement Projection - ANSWER (psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone else Reaction formation - ANSWER Defense mechanism by which people behave in a way opposite to what their true but anxiety-provoking feelings would dictate. Paranoia - ANSWER A mental illness of unreasonable anxiety, especially believeing someone is out to get you, or that you are an important person Reframing - ANSWER Finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor that reduces its threat Paradoxical Directive - ANSWER A technique used in strategic family therapy whereby the therapist directs family members to continue a symptomatic behavior. Change occurs through defying the directive. Positive Reinforcements - ANSWER Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response. Negative Reinforcements - ANSWER Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: negative reinforcement is not punishment.) Subpoena - ANSWER a court order requiring appearance and/or testimony LSD - ANSWER A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide). Stimulant - ANSWER Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. Natural Groups - ANSWER select subjects who naturally belong to groups Task Groups - ANSWER also called secondary groups; groups formed for the purpose of completing tasks, such as solving problems or making decisions Primary Groups - ANSWER Preventive; teach coping strategies or life-style characteristics that can reduce the incidence of a problem. sometimes called affective education groups or psychological education groups, leadership requires little training. Senescence - ANSWER A gradual physical decline that is related to aging and during which the body becomes less strong and efficient. Alzheimers - ANSWER A progressive disease characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and plaque in the brain, lack of acetylcholine. Nueurons of frontal and medial temporal lobes are affected, with biochemical & structural changes. Reaction Formation - ANSWER Defense mechanism by which people behave in a way opposite to what their true but anxiety-provoking feelings would dictate. Stranger anxiety - ANSWER The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age Separation anxiety - ANSWER Distress that is sometimes experienced by infants when they are separated from their primary caregivers Cultural Pluralism - ANSWER A condition in which many cultures coexist within a society and maintain their cultural differences. Assimilation - ANSWER According to Piaget, the process by which new ideas and experiences are absorbed and incorporated into existing mental structures and behaviors Displacement - ANSWER Defense mechanism by which people divert sexual or aggressive feelings for one person onto another person. Ethnocentrism - ANSWER Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group. Socialization - ANSWER Creation of voluntary associations and institutions which relate to economic and social goals, to cultural and recreational activities, to sport, to various professions, and to political affairs Narcissistic Personality - ANSWER characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and a need for constant attention or admiration Antisocial Personality Disorder - ANSWER A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist. Consensus Building - ANSWER A mediation of a conflict which involves many parties. A conflict resolution process to get all parties to agree. Interdisciplinary - ANSWER Example: Rehab hospital, where professionals from numerous disciplines meet to share perspectives Consultative - ANSWER Involves identifying and solving a client's problems. The process involves asking prospective clients a number of questions in order to determine their needs and then presenting solutions to those needs. Inter organizational Collaboration - ANSWER Information systems used between or among organizations that are independently owned and managed Unconditional Positive regard - ANSWER according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person FAREAFI - ANSWER Farm Alladin Raises Expensive Apples From India Feelings- acknowledge and explore Assess Refer Educate Advocate Facilitate Intervene AASPRINS - ANSWER For Best option/ plan of action Acknowledge the client Assess before action Start where the client is Protect Life Intoxicated do not treat, refer Rule out medical conditions, send to doctor if so Informed consent Non-judgmental stance Support client self-determination Compartmentalization - ANSWER The process of separating group of people and information from other groups such as isolated from each other thus information does not flow between them Idealization - ANSWER Handling emotional conflict or stressors by assigning exaggerated positive attributes to others. Introjection - ANSWER A quality or attribute of another (like values/attitudes) is unconsciously internalized as if they were your own. Intellectualization - ANSWER An attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with a stressful situation by using logic, reasoning, & analysis. Regression - ANSWER A return to a prior stage after a person has progressed through the various stages of development; caused by anxiety. Repression - ANSWER (psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious Splitting - ANSWER Belief that people are either all good or all bad at different times due to intolerance of ambiguity. Seen in borderline personality disorder Sublimation - ANSWER (psychology) modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct (especially a sexual one) to one that is socially acceptable( taking up boxing to relive ones pent-up frustration) Undoing - ANSWER the defense mechanism in which one magically undoes an act or wish associated with anxiety. Sensorimotor Stage - ANSWER In Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities Preoperational Stage - ANSWER In Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic Concrete Operational Stage - ANSWER in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events Concrete Operational Stage - ANSWER in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events. Hypothetical thinking is developed/abstract thinking Operant Conditioning - ANSWER A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. Classical Conditioning - ANSWER A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events Social Learning Theory and 3 specific components - ANSWER the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished. 3 Components: Antecedent event, Target Behavior, and Consequence. Schizophrenia - ANSWER A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions Schizophreniform - ANSWER -lasts less than 6 months, and must be present for at least 1 mont Substance Abuse - ANSWER As defined by the DSM-IV, a substance use disorder characterized by the continued and repeated use of a substance even when the user knows that it contributes to chronic social and/or occupational problems and that use in certain situation is hazardous Substance Dependence - ANSWER Severe form of substance use disorder involving physiological dependence on the substance, tolerance, withdrawal, and compulsive drug taking.