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Sumario Virus, viroides y priones - Biología Celular

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Resumen de Biología Celular. A partir de libros fundadores como el Alberts de Biología Celular y Molecular, los resúmenes están pensados para estudiar desde la comprensión y no desde la memoria, con analogías y comparaciones que permiten bajar el contenido a la realidad e incorporar los conceptos a partir de su total entendimiento.

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July 29, 2022
Number of pages
5
Written in
2021/2022
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Los virus son partículas infecciosas sin metabolismo propio. La multiplicación viral
depende de forma absoluta de la célula huésped a la que infectan: son parásitos obligados.
Están ampliamente distribuidos en la naturaleza, prácticamente todos los organismos,
animales, plantas, bacterias son susceptibles a ser infectadas.


CARACTERÍSTICAS ESTRUCTURALES DE LOS VIRUS


Los virus están compuestos por dos tipos de macromoléculas: ácidos nucleicos y
proteínas. Poseen un único tipo de ácido nucleico. Es decir, poseen ARN o ADN, pero no
ambos a la vez. Presentan gran variedad de formas y tamaños.

Existen dos tipos de partículas virales:

 Simples o desnudas: constan de una molécula de ADN asociada a proteínas y
una cubierta proteica llamada cápside que protege al material genético.
 Envueltas: Los virus envueltos poseen la misma estructura de un virus desnudo
pero con una envoltura lipoproteica adicional de origen celular.

Una partícula viral completa también recibe el nombre de virión.
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